Cardiovascular Dysfunction
What is the most common blood disorder in infants and children?
Anemia.
What type of disorder is sickle cell disease?
A hereditary hemoglobinopathy
What is hemophilia?
A group of bleeding disorders caused by deficiencies of specific clotting factors.
What virus causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
What is one key consideration before administering a blood transfusion?
Verifying the recipient's and donor's blood group.
Name one common symptom of anemia in children.
Fatigue, pallor, tachycardia, or headaches.
What is the primary goal of nursing care during a sickle cell crisis?
Hydration.
Which lab tests are commonly used to diagnose hemophilia?
PT/PTT and INR.
What is Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID)?
A genetically acquired disorder characterized by the absence of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
What is the maximum time over which a blood transfusion should be infused?
4 hours.
What is the most common cause of iron-deficiency anemia in toddlers?
Excessive dairy consumption, which can lead to decreased iron intake/absorption.
What is the first-line prophylactic treatment for children with sickle cell disease?
Penicillin prophylaxis.
What medication is used to treat Hemophilia A by increasing Factor VIII?
Vasopressin (DDAVP).
Name one component of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome triad.
Thrombocytopenia, eczema, or immunodeficiency of select B and T lymphocytes.
What should you do immediately if a blood transfusion reaction occurs?
Stop the transfusion.
What is a key diagnostic tool for anemia?
Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential.
Name one organ that can be affected by sickle cell disease.
The spleen, lungs, or heart.
What is Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
An acquired hemorrhagic disorder characterized by low platelet counts.
What is the main therapeutic management for SCID?
Bone marrow transplant or gene therapy.
What nursing intervention is important in managing iron-deficiency anemia?
Nutritional counseling and managing constipation from iron supplements.
How can iron supplements affect the gastrointestinal system?
They can cause constipation and cramping.
What diagnostic test is used to confirm sickle cell disease?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis.
What is the primary treatment for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
Platelet transfusions, fresh frozen plasma, and packed red blood cells.
How does Apheresis work?
It removes blood from an individual, separates the components, and reinfuses the remainder back into the individual.
Name one nursing care management strategy for a child with aplastic anemia.
Supportive care, preparing for procedures, and preventing complications such as infections