Chapter 24
How many temporal arches in:
Anapsid, Diapsid, Synapsid
Anapsid: no arch
Synapsid: one arch
Diapsid: two arches
What is the plant equivalent of organs?
Roots, stems, and leaves.
What is a petiole consisted of?
Flattened blade and a stalk.
Where are Apical meristems located?
The tips of roots and shoots and at the axillary buds of shoots
What are the 3 pathways of transport? Bonus points for how they work
Transmembrane route: out of one cell, across a cell wall, and into another cell
Apoplastic route: via the cell walls and extracellular spaces
Symplastic route: : via the continuum of cytosol
The oldest reptilian fossils date to about ___ years ago
310 mya.
What is the function of roots?
Anchoring the plant, absorbing minerals and water, storing organic nutrients
What are parenchyma cells
Cells with thin and flexible primary walls, lack secondary walls, and perform the most metabolic functions
Growth occurs just behind the root tip, in three zones of cells. What are these zones?
Zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of maturation
What is the endodermis?
It is the innermost layer of cells in the root cortex
What are the three orders of Amphibians?
Anura, Urodela, Apoda
axillary bud is a structure that has the potential to form a _______ _____ or ______.
Lateral shoot or branch
What are Collenchyma cells?
They have thicker and uneven cell walls, they lack secondary walls, and provide flexible support without restraining growth
What is secondary and primary growth?
Primary- plant grows upward, secondary- plant grows outward.
The products of photosynthesis are transported through phloem by the process of:
A) Transpiration
B) Translocation
C) Cohesion and Adhesion
B) Translocation.
What are the 4 characteristics of all mammals?
Mammary glands, relatively large brain, hair, differentiated teeth
Apical bud, or terminal bud, is located near the _____ ___ and has what function?
The shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot.
What are the two types of Sclerenchyma cells?
Sclereids and Fibers
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.
What is a sugar source?
An organ that is a net producer of sugar, such as mature leaves.
What are the adaptions of a bird?
Wings with keratin feathers, lack of a urinary bladder, females with only one ovary, small gonads, and loss of teeth
Apical dominance helps to maintain what?
Dormancy in most nonapical buds
What are Meristems?
Perpetually embryonic tissue and allow for continual growth
If a flaccid cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration, the cell will gain water and become ______. The opposite of this is ___________.
Turgid. Plasmolysis.
What is transpiration pull facilitated by?
Cohesion of water molecules to each other and adhesion of water molecules to cell walls.