Cardiovascular A & P
The three primary components that make up the cardiovascular system.
the pump (heart), container (blood vessels), and fluid (blood)?
This type of external bleeding is bright red, under pressure, and spurts in sync with the patient's pulse.
arterial bleeding
The layer(s) of skin damaged in a superficial burn, characterized by redness, pain, and an absence of blisters.
epidermis only
A closed soft-tissue injury resulting from blunt force trauma where the epidermis remains intact, but dermal cells and blood vessels are torn, causing ecchymosis
a contusion/ bruise
The most common subjective symptom reported by patients experiencing internal soft-tissue or organ bleeding
pain
The blood vessel components responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart.
arteries
This type of bleeding is dark red, flows steadily, does not spurt, and is generally easier to control.
venous bleeding
A burn that destroys all skin layers and can involve subcutaneous tissue, muscle, bone, or internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, or charred.
full-thickness burn
A superficial open wound caused by friction when a body part rubs or scrapes across a rough or hard surface.
abrasion
Medical terms for vomiting blood and passing black, tarry stools, both indicative of severe internal gastrointestinal bleeding.
hemataemesis and melena
The blood component responsible for forming blood clots to control hemorrhage.
platelets
The human body will generally not tolerate an acute blood loss greater than this percentage of its total blood volume.
20%
The primary goal of the EMT upon arrival at a scene involving a patient with an active thermal or chemical burn.
to stop the burning process
A type of open injury characterized by a jagged cut caused by sharp objects or tearing forces.
a laceration
The clinical sign characterized by a collection of blood within damaged soft tissues or inside a body cavity following major blood vessel injury.
hematoma
The clinical term for the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs.
perfusion
An inherited genetic condition where a patient lacks essential blood-clotting factors, rendering any trivial injury potentially life-threatening.
hemophilia
The proper initial treatment action required for an open wound caused by a dry chemical powder before any irrigation occurs.
brushing the dry chemical completely off the patient's skin and clothing
An injury where various layers of soft tissue are separated, either completely detached or remaining as a hanging flap.
avulsion
A specific triad of worsening vital signs in an adult patient that strongly indicates progression to decompensated hypovolemic shock from internal hemorrhage.
a falling blood pressure (systolic < 90 mm Hg), tachycardia (rapid pulse), and tachypnea (rapid respirations
The part of the nervous system that automatically redirects blood to vital organs such as the heart, brain, lungs, and kidneys during a hemorrhagic emergency.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
The approximate volume of blood that a healthy adult can safely donate over a 15- to 20-minute period.
1 unit (or 500 mL)
Using the pediatric Rule of Nines, this is the total body surface area (TBSA) percentage burned for a 5-year-old child with burns covering the entire anterior chest and both arms circumferentially.
27%
A life-threatening condition that develops when prolonged swelling or edema increases pressure inside a closed extremity muscle space, cutting off distal circulation.
compartment syndrome
The definitive treatment required to control most severe, progressive internal traumatic hemorrhages.
immediate surgical intervention in a hospital setting