CHAPTER 25: THE GREAT WAR

WWI Start

100

What happens June 1914?

• The Assassination of Austria’s heir, Franz Ferdinand and his wife by Serbian terrorist

200

Which countries represent the Triple Entente? 

AKA - The Allies: Britain, France, Russia (Serbia) 

300

The Triple Alliance (Central) countries. 

Germany (The Ottoman Empire), Austria-Hungry and Italy

400

Austria declares wars on Serbia. Why? Who responds?

Russians respond and mobilize to help fellow Slavs in Serbia. 

500

Germany declares war on which two countries? Why?

In August 1914, Germany declares war on Russia and France.
Nationalism dominance. They are later charged with official initiation of the global conflict for personal gain. 

Global Warfare

100

3 elements of that played major roles in starting global warfare

• External Conflict: Nationalism
• Internal Conflict: Lack of Representation 
• Militarism: Policy of aggressive military preparedness.

200

Total War

All of a nation’s resources, including civilians at home as well as soldiers in the field, are mobilized for the war effort.

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300

The Allies also took advantage of Germany’s preoccupation in Europe and seized what?

Seized German colonies in Africa. 

• British mobilized forces from India, Australia, and New Zealand.
• France drafted 170,000 Africans. About 80,000 Africans were killed or injured in Europe, where they were often at a distinct disadvantage due to the unfamiliar terrain and climate.
• African soldiers who had gone to war for the Allies, especially those who left Africa and fought in Europe, became politically aware and began to advocate political and social equality

400

League of Nations

Established a structure and alliance to prevent future wars. (42 Nations) 

The basis of France's defensive alliance with Great Britain and US. Both nations pledged to help France if it was attacked by Germany.

500

The doctrine that the people of a given territory or a particular nationality should have the right to determine their own government and political future.

Self Determination 

Life in the Trenches

100

4 Main Battlefield Weapons: 

1) Military machine guns, 2) mortar batteries, supported by heavy artillery. 3) Poisonous gas. 4) Tanks

200

The Great Slaughter

In 1916 and 1917, millions of young men killed in the search for the trench breakthrough. 

Masses of men weighed down with equipment and advancing slowly across open land made magnificent targets for opponents armed with machine guns.

300

A British model introduced to the battlefields of Europe in 1916 for the first time! 

TANKS! Used caterpillar tracks, which enabled it to move across rough terrain. Armed with mounted guns, tanks could attack enemy machine-gun positions as well as defend infantry.

The tank came too late to have a great effect on WWI, but the lesson was not lost on those who realized the tank’s potential for creating a whole new kind of warfare in WWII.

400

Lawrence of Arabia

British officer T. E. Lawrence (1888–1935), who came to be known as Lawrence of Arabia, incited Arab princes to revolt against their Ottoman overlords in 1916. 

500

Lost Generation

War veterans who turned violent and revolutionary especially in Italy, Greece and Germany. 

Russia

100

Women's March - When, what, how?

The government had introduced bread rationing in the city after the price of bread skyrocketed. 

Many of the women who stood in line waiting for bread were also factory workers who put in twelve-hour days. So they took to the streets of city, St. Petersburg / Petrograd. 

Soviet’s sprang up spontaneously after the Women’s March strike. 

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200

2 sides of the Marxist Social Democratic Party 

The 2 factions known as the Mensheviks (MENS-shuh-viks) and the Bolsheviks (BOHL-shuh-viks). 

300

Mensheviks 

• wanted the Social Democrats to be a mass electoral socialist party based on a Western model- cooperate temporarily in a parliamentary democracy while working to achieve a socialist state.

400

Bolsheviks

under the leadership of Vladimir Ulianov known to the world as V. I. Lenin (LEH-nin) (1870–1924). Believed they could start socialist government without the transitional revolution of overthrowing the bourgeois elite/capitalist/rich.  

500

Lenin - Who and beliefs 

• Born in 1870, Lenin received a legal education and became a lawyer. 
• Turned into a dedicated enemy of tsarist Russia
• Believed that the soviets of soldiers, workers, and peasants were ready-made instruments of power.

WWI End

100

The End of the Great War:

November 11th, 1918 with a cease-fire and armistice was signed.

200

The Treaty of Versailles 

Formal Conclusion of WWI on June 1919 

300

War Guilt Cause

Germany was forced to receive the terms but ultimately rejected the sentence of guilt and reparations.

400

Reparations

Payments made by a defeated nation (or people group) to compensate others for damage sustained as a result of the war

Required from Germany after World War I.

500

Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points 

The United States can engage or support in warfare efforts with moral motivations not defensive retaliations.