Emphatic Lymphatics
What are the 3 different terms for the fluid in the lymphatic system depending on where it is located?
Lymph, plasma, interstitial fluid
How many lobes are the right and left lung divided into respectively? What is the term for the reduced lung space to make room for the heart?
3, 2
Cardiac notch
What are the 3 functions of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange, olfaction, sound production
How many chambers does the heart have? How many valves does it have?
4, 4
Which term is used to describe the movement of lymph through the body?
Lymphokinesis
Name 3 significant lymphatic structures.
Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils
What is the intermediate airway structure between bronchi and alveoli?
Bronchioles
How many tracts is the respiratory system divided into?
2
Name the 2 categories of valves in the heart. List all 4 valves of the heart.
Atrioventricular (AV) valves and Semilunar valves
Tricuspid, bicuspid (mitral), pulmonary semilunar, and aortic semilunar
Which term means small groups of lymphatic tissue located along the respiratory and digestive tracts?
Mucosae-associated lymphatic tissues (MALTs)
What are the specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the GI tract called?
Lacteals
What is the term for the fluid-containing membrane lining the inside of alveoli that prevent the sticking together of membranes?
Surfactants
What are the cells that secrete mucous in the nasal cavity called?
Goblet cells
What is the name for the tendon-like cords that hold the tricuspid and mitral valves in place? What type of muscles are these cords attached to?
Cordae tendonae; papillary muscles
List 2 of the phenomena that promote the movement of lymph.
Skeletal muscle contraction, pressure differences during breathing, valves to prevent backflow, external forces such as clothing and massage
What are the 2 large ducts that empty lymph into the subclavian veins? Describe the areas they serve.
Right lymphatic duct: Upper right portion of body
Thoracic duct: Rest of the body
What are the names of the 3 openings in the diaphragm that allow structures to pass through?
Caval opening, esophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus
What are the 4 different sinuses that we have?
Frontal sinuses, sphenoid sinuses, ethmoid sinuses, maxillary sinuses
Name the 3 layers of the heart and what differentiates them from one another (what do they contain?)
Epicardium (contains fatty connective tissue and blood vessels), myocardium (contains cardiac muscle), and endocardium (continuous with endothelium)
Which functions does the lymphatic system perform?
Protection of the body through defense mechanisms and transportation of fats
What are the 2 lymphocytes that are produced from bone marrow? Where do each mature?
T-cells and B-cells; T-cells mature in thymus, B-cells mature in bone marrow
What is "rapture of the deep" in the context of diving?
Nitrogen narcosis (the buildup of nitrogen in tissues due to increased pressure)
What is the term for the cartilaginous ridge at the bifurcation of the bronchus that causes violent coughing when stimulated?
Carena
Describe the flow of blood through the heart, including the chambers, valves, and vessels.
Blood flows into the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. The right atrium contracts and the blood goes into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. The right ventricle contracts, pumping the blood through the pulmonary valve, through the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins, carrying it to the heart.
Blood enters into the left atrium from the pulmonary artery. The left atrium contracts, pumping blood through the mitral (bicuspid valve) into the left ventricle. The left ventricle contracts, pumping blood through the aortic semilunar valve up the aorta and out through the left common carotid artery, and left and right subclavian arteries.
What keeps lymph capillaries in place?
Anchoring fibers