Baroque Concerto
When was the concerto developed?
the 1600s
Who was most famous for Program Music?
Antonio Vivaldi
What instrument soloed in each of the concertos?
Violin
Where did he live?
Venice
How did composers achieve unity in the concerto?
The 1st and 3rd movements followed a similar structure.
Where was the Concerto first developed?
The Italian Peninsula.
What Renaissance technique did Vivaldi incorporate into instrumental music?
Word painting
How did you hear the “stream” in Vivaldi's Spring?
Running scales.
How many concertos did Vivaldi write?
More than 500
How did composers achieve contrast in the concerto?
Solo voice and an ensemble performing together. Alternating between refrains and virtuosic “outbursts.”
What is a concerto?
A genre featuring an instrumental soloist or small group that goes against the main ensemble
What form of literature was used in program music?
Poetry
What was Vivaldi accredited as?
The “father of the concerto”.
T or F? Is Vivaldi the son of a violinist?
True
What musical techniques did Vivaldi use to mimic bird sounds in “Spring”?
Staccato notes, trills and running scales
What two segments were made in a loose form that switched from orchestra to soloist?
The first and third.
While each concerto has an independent musical logic, it is also accompanied by a poem, describing the --- of whatever season?
joy
What did the second movement of Vivaldi’s Spring focus on?
Poetic imagery through the use of violas and ostinato rhythm.
Why was he called the “red priest”?
Because of his red hair
What musical techniques did Vivaldi use to mimic the sounds of thunder and lighting?
Aggitiated notes, quickly ascending minor scales
What is the ritornello form?
the refrain of the first and last movement tend to follow in a concerto
What were Vivaldi’s concertos known for?
Rapid scale passages, extended arpeggios, and contrasting registers.
What did the poem that accompanied Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons describe?
The joys of that particular season
What happened to Vivaldi at the end of his life?
He got an infection and died in poverty
In the 2nd movement of Spring what was the bassline violas creating?
Ostinato