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. What are reasons why a premature atrial contraction might occur?
What is consumption of caffeine, use of nicotine, or other sympathetic nervous system stimulants, or in response to heart disease or metabolic disorders like hyperthyroidism page 408
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When is a transthoracic pacemaker inserted?
during heart surgery page 417
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During a transvenous pacemaker procedure the electrical lead is introduced through what veins?
subclavian, external or internal jugular, or the cephalic vein page 417
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What is one of the chief complications of atrial fibrillation?
the formation of blood clots page 409
100
.Cardiac dysrthythmias may start where?
in the atria, atrioventricular, or ventricles page 407
200
What are characteristics of normal sinus rhythm
What is heart rate is between 60-100 beats per minutes, the SA node initiates the impulse, impulse travels to the AV node in 0.12-0.2 seconds, the ventricles depolarize in 0.12 seconds or less, each impulse occurs regularly page 408 box 26-1
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What is the treatment for a complete heart block
pacemaker page 413 table 26-1
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What are three types of temporary pacemakers?
transcutaneous, transvenous, and transthoracic page 417
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What is prescribed if atrial fibrillation last longer than 48 hours ?
What is heparin page 410 " pharmacologic considerations"
200
What are signs of toxicity?
anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances page 418 " pharmacologic consideration"
300
. What is a dysrthmia
A abnormally slow or fast heart rate or one that does not go through the conduction system in the normal way page 407
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The name of drugs used to treat dysrthmias
chemical cardioversion page 410
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Name two ways that a pacemaker functions?
a demand or fixed rate page 417
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How does age increase the risk for dysrthmias?
as a result of a decreased number of cells in the SA node, and altered function of the cells from accumulated fat and calcium. page 412 " gerontologic considerations"
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What are the dangerous forms of premature ventricular contractions?
bigeminy, couplets, run, multifocal, and R on T phenomenon page 411 figure 26-8
400
What is the most common cause of dysrhythmias
ischemic heart disease page 407
400
. What is the rhythm of a dying heart?
What is ventricular fibrillation page 411
400
Candidates for an automatic implanted cardioverter defibrillator include:
a person who has survived at least 1 episode of cardiac arrest from a ventricular dysrhythmia, experience recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia, who are at risk for sudden cardiac death because of structural heart disease with poor ventricular function page 416
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People with atrial fibrillation who are not candidates for cardioversion and fail to respond to conventional measures may be candidates for what type of surgical procedure?
Maze procedure page 410
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What procedure identifies the location of origin of a dysrhythmias?
electrophysiology study page 412
500
What are examples of dysrthmias originating in the sinus node of the right atrium
sinus bradycardia and sinus tachycardia page 407
500
. What are dysrthythmias that develop outside the sinus node but within the atria
premature atrial contractions, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation page 407
500
. Driving is normally restricted for how long in a patient that has an automatic implanted cardioverter defibrillator ( AICD) ?
6 months page 416
500
Defibrillation is instituted as soon as possible after a dangerous dysrthythmia is detected
What is to maintain oxygenation and circulation of the blood page 419
500
What are dysrhythmias that start in the ventricles?
premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation page 410