Respiratory Inspiration
What are the 3 functions of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange, olfaction, sound production
How many lobes are the right and left lung divided into respectively? What is the term for the reduced lung space to make room for the heart?
3, 2
Cardiac notch
What is the ratio of sodium to potassium outside compared to the inside of a nerve cell?
3:2
What is the pathology characterized by a blood clot that has migrated to the lungs?
Pulmonary embolism
What is the difference between phlegm and sputum?
Phlegm: mucous produced by respiratory tract
Sputum: phlegm mixed with saliva
How many tracts is the respiratory system divided into?
2
What is the intermediate airway structure between bronchi and alveoli?
Bronchioles
The origin of the deltoid is also the insertion of which muscle?
Trapezius
What is the pathology characterized by the deterioration of the alveolar walls, decreasing surface area?
Emphysema
Name the 3 regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, layngropharynx
What are the cells that secrete mucous in the nasal cavity called?
Goblet cells
What is the term for the fluid-containing membrane lining the inside of alveoli that prevent the sticking together of membranes?
Surfactants
What is the longest nerve in the body and what does it do?
Vagus nerve; mind-gut connection
What pathology led to people needing to use an "iron lung?"
Polio
Name the 3 regions of the larynx
Thyroid cartilage, glottis, epiglottis
What are the 4 different sinuses that we have?
Frontal sinuses, sphenoid sinuses, ethmoid sinuses, maxillary sinuses
What are the names of the 3 openings in the diaphragm that allow structures to pass through?
Caval opening, esophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus
What is the term for hormones that cause or stimulate the release of other hormones?
Tropic hormones
What is "rapture of the deep" in the context of diving?
Nitrogen narcosis (the buildup of nitrogen in tissues due to increased pressure)
What are the 3 layers involved in the respiratory membrane?
What is the term for the cartilaginous ridge at the bifurcation of the bronchus that causes violent coughing when stimulated?
Carena
Describe the flow of air beginning in the nasal cavity and ending at the alveoli
Air enters through the nasal cavity, passing through the pharynx into the trachea, down the bronchus, through the bronchioles into the alveoli
Explain the flow of blood through the heart including the chambers and valves.
Blood flows into the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. The right atrium contracts and the blood goes into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. The right ventricle contracts, pumping the blood through the pulmonary valve, through the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins, carrying it to the heart.
Blood enters into the left atrium from the pulmonary artery. The left atrium contracts, pumping blood through the mitral (bicuspid valve) into the left ventricle. The left ventricle contracts, pumping blood through the aortic semilunar valve up the aorta and out through the left common carotid artery, and left and right subclavian arteries.
What is a buildup of fluid in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall, and can be caused by many conditions, including congestive heart failure, malignancy, or pulmonary embolism.
Pleural effusion
What is the other term for the conchae found in the nasal cavity?
Turbinates