Economy
What challenges did population growth create in developing nations?
Strain on food, housing, and infrastructure.
Which leader of Ghana shifted from reform to authoritarianism?
Kwame Nkrumah
What was unique about Khomeini’s 1979 revolution?
It combined religion and politics to overthrow the shah.
What was apartheid?
A system of racial segregation and white minority rule in South Africa.
Which South Asian country became independent in 1971 after a war with Pakistan?
Bangladesh
Why were urban areas unstable after WWII?
Cities couldn’t accommodate migrants, and urban poor created social tension.
How was power consolidated in Ghana?
By suppressing rivals, manipulating people, and ruling as a dictator.
Why did Iranians support Khomeini? (list three)
Due to discontent with the shah’s repression, inequality, and Western influence.
How were black South Africans restricted under apartheid? (list four)
Limited to poor homelands, denied citizenship, forced passes, segregated facilities.
Which female leader became prime minister of India in the 1960s and 1970s?
How did climate disasters and pollution affect postcolonial nations? (List three)
Damaged agriculture, reduced productivity, worsened living conditions.
Were ghanaian strategies of personality cults common among other nations?
It was common.
How did Khomeini’s government affect women’s rights?
Veiling became mandatory; educated women faced limited career opportunities.
Who were key anti-apartheid leaders? (List Three)
Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Steve Biko
Who became the first democratically elected president of the Philippines after Marcos?
Corazon Aquino
How did global market volatility impact developing economies?
Resource prices fluctuated, reducing income for developing nations.
What happened when social reform leaders were blocked?
Governments often became authoritarian.
How did Khomeini handle secular and leftist parties after the revolution?
They were brutally repressed and replaced by radical religious figures.
What helped end apartheid in South Africa? (List Three)
International boycotts, wars in neighboring countries, and reforms by F.W. de Klerk.
Which female Pakistani leader became prime minister in the 1980s and 1990s?
Benazir Bhutto
Why could foreign aid sometimes harm postcolonial nations?
It could force concessions that were harmful or exploitative.
What challenges did Nkrumah face in Ghana? (List three)
Rival parties, economic problems in cocoa, and hostility from noncommunist countries.
How did the Iran–Iraq War affect Iran’s development?
Resources and energy were diverted; many died; development initiatives failed.
What was the result of South Africa’s first democratic elections?
Nelson Mandela became the first black president; a multiracial democracy was established.
What term describes the revival of religion as a major social and political force in postcolonial societies?
Religious revivalism