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100

A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

100

A period of fuel shortages in the United States after the Arab states in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) declared an oil embargo in October 1973.

energy crisis

100

Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal, the 1974 act that gave citizens access to federal records.

freedom of information act

100

An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time.

stagflation

100

biologist, writer of silent spring, 1962

Rachel Carson

200

A law that limited the president’s ability to deploy U.S. forces without congressional approval.

war power

200

Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation, pollution control measures, and public awareness campaigns.

environmentalism

200

income remaining after the deduction of taxes and expenses on necessities

 discretionary income

200

a designated time period for suspending activity or delaying something such as payment.

moratorium

200

American evangelist whose large-scale preaching missions and friendship with numerous U.S. presidents brought him to international prominence.

billy graham 

300

The dismantling of manufacturing — especially in the automobile, steel, and consumer-goods industries — in the decades after World War II, representing a reversal of the process of industrialization that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s

deindustrialization 

300

Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws, conduct environmental research and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.

environmental protection agency 

300

The once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization. By the 1970s and 1980s, these regions were full of abandoned plants and distressed communities.

rust belt 

300

Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments, businesses, universities, and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women.

 affirmative action

300

American politician and the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California, as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.

Harvey milk

400

Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson.

silent spring

400

A nuclear plant near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979

Three mile island

400

Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal, the 1978 act that forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials.

Ethics in Government Act

400

A measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes, cap future increases for present owners, and require that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature.

proposition 13

400

American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from 1974 to 1977.

Gerald Ford 

500

A movement to lower or eliminate taxes. California’s Proposition 13, which rolled back property taxes, capped future increases for present owners, and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature, was the result of one such revolt, inspiring similar movements across the country.

tax revolt

500

An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22, 1970, when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner, healthier planet.

Earth day

500

 born August 15, 1924 died September 5, 2016 was an American attorney, conservative activist, and author.

Phyllis Schlafly

500

The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion, which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy.

Roe v. Wade 

500

American former politician who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975.

Jimmy Carter