Early English Settlements
What was the name of the first English colony that disappeared and left the word "Croatoan" carved on a tree?
Roanoke (the "Lost Colony")
Which group of religious dissenters sailed on the Mayflower and founded Plymouth in 1620?
Pilgrims (Separatists)
Which Dutch colony became New York after the English seized it in 1664?
New Netherland (New Amsterdam)
Which cash crop became Virginia's economic mainstay and increased demand for labor?
Tobacco
Which 1215 English document influenced colonial ideas about protected rights and limited government?
The Magna Carta
Which joint-stock company received a charter from King James I and established Jamestown in 1607?
The Virginia Company
What agreement did the Pilgrims sign before leaving the Mayflower that established self-government for their colony?
The Mayflower Compact
Who founded Pennsylvania as a "holy experiment" and sought fair treatment for Native Americans?
William Penn
Maryland was intended as a haven for which religious group?
Catholics
What was the Virginia House of Burgesses and why is it historically important?
The first elected legislative assembly in English North America; a step toward representative government.
Who enforced work discipline at Jamestown and helped secure food from the Powhatan, contributing to the colony’s early survival?
Captain John Smith
Which colony was founded by Roger Williams as a refuge for religious freedom and insisted that land be bought from Native Americans?
Rhode Island
What economic and social features made the Middle Colonies distinct compared to New England and the South?
Fertile farmland, commercial ports, and great ethnic/religious diversity
What 1676 event in Virginia revealed tensions between frontier settlers and the colonial government and involved attacks on Native villages?
Bacon's Rebellion
Give two examples of colonial institutions or documents that contributed to self-government in English North America.
Examples: Mayflower Compact, Virginia House of Burgesses, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, town meetings.
What winter (1609–1610) describes the period when Jamestown colonists suffered severe starvation after relations with the Powhatan broke down?
"The Starving Time"
Name the written constitution adopted in Connecticut in 1639 that is considered an early form of representative government.
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
This group, including William Penn, believed in equality for all people and were pacifists, refusing to fight in wars.
Quakers
Name two major crops grown in South Carolina that relied heavily on enslaved labor.
Rice and indigo
Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield emphasized personal faith and challenged traditional authority, promoting ideas of equality and individual choice. What was this time called?
The Great Awakening
This system granted about 50 acres to settlers (or to those who paid passage), encouraging immigration and plantation growth.
The headright system
This competition for land and resources and English expansion led to heavy Native American losses, weakened Native power, and opened land for colonists.
King Philip's War
Identify two rights or incentives the proprietors of New Jersey offered to attract settlers.
Religious freedom, trial by jury, representative assembly, and large land grants (any two)
Describe James Oglethorpe’s original purpose for founding Georgia and one reason his early rules slowed the colony’s growth.
Oglethorpe intended Georgia as a refuge for debtors and as a buffer vs. Spanish Florida; bans on slavery and rum and strict land rules limited settlers and economic growth.
These two things united colonists from different regions in a shared experience, helping to form a distinct American identity that would fuel the movement for independence from British rule.
Personal faith and religious fervor (excitement)