Chapter 2.1
All living things that are made of elements are organized into _______ and ______ molecules.
Bonus for 200: All organic molecules contain _____, but not all ____ containing molecules are organic.
inorganic and organic
Bonus: Carbon, Carbon
Water is made up of two _____ atoms and ______ bonded to an ____ atom.
Bonus for 200: What water property occurs as a result of water molecules tendency to stick to one another?
hydrogen, covalently, oxygen
Bonus: cohesive.
_______ are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen that are used to supply and store energy
Bonus for 200: ______ is the form of sugar that fuels respiration.
Carbohydrates
Bonus: Glucose
True or False: Proteins have a very wide range of functions in the living organism. How many structures does it have if true?
Bonus: Amino acids are linked together by condensation to form ________
True, 4
Bonus: polypeptides.
What do the enzymes control in the cell?
Bonus for 200: Can Enzymes be changed or used up in chemical reactions?
Metabolism
Bonus: Nope! Enzymes bind to a specific type of substrate and cannot be used up in chemical reactions.
What is the study of biological processes from the structures of the molecules and how they interact with each other?
Bonus for 200: Molecular biologists break down biochemical processes into their component part known as ______
Biochemistry
Bonus: reductionism
What water property occurs when forces causes water to bond to a surface?
Bonus for 200: What actions is responsible for the movement of water when you drink?
Adhesion
Bonus: capillary action
____________ is a monosaccharide sugar that is most commonly found in milk but also found in cereals. _______ is a monosaccharide sugar that is commonly found in fruits and honey (the sweetest and most naturally occuring carbohydrate). ________ is a monosaccharide sugar that forms the backbone of RNA and ______ forms the backbone of DNA.
Galactose, Fructose, Ribose, and deoxyribose.
What part of the cell helps forms the peptide bonds within the cells?
Bonus for 200: The amino acid sequence of polypetids is coded for by the _____
Ribosomes
Bonus: Genes
Enzymes have an _____ ____ to which specific substrates bind.
Bonus for 200 : What hypothesis states that enzymes are structurally and chemically bound to their substrate and active site?
active site
Bonus: The Lock and Key hypothesis.
What is the strongest type of bond between atoms?
Bonus for 200: Monosaccharides are _____ and ____ in blood. Polysaccharides are ___ storages of energy and sometimes building material .
Covalent
Bonus: small and soluble,insoluble
Water has a ______ capacity, ______ point, and a _______ fusion. Therefore, the temperature of water remains relatively stable.
Bonus for 200: What does high temperature do to tissues and proteins?
high specific heat capacity, high boiling point, and high heat of fusion.
Bonus: It damages tissues and denatures proteins ceasing enzymes to work.
________ are compound with the same chemical formula but different arrangement of their atoms.
Bonus for 200: Monosaccharides are the ______ of polysaccharides.
Isomers
Bonus: monomers
What are the instructions from the nucleus to the ribsome called?
Bonus: What does the genetic code tell the ribosomes?
mRNA
Bonus for 200: It tell the ribsomes which amino acids to use.
An enzyme ______ which means that there is a change in the active site. If the active site changes shape, the substrate is no longer able to bind to it.
Bonus for 200: Name three things that can affect the activity of enzymes.
denatures
Bonus: temperature, pH, and substrate concentration
Carbohydrates are made up of ___________.
Lipids are made up of _____ _____.
Proteins are made up of _____ _____.
Nucleic acids are made up of sub-units called _______.
one or more simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides.
Hydrophilic means water-______ and hydrophobic means water-______ (fats and oils).
water-loving and water-fearing
Two glucose molecules equals disaccharide________. __________ is a disaccharide mostly commonly found in milk (made up of galactose and glucose). _____ is a disaccharide known as table sugar (made up of glucose and fructose)
Bonus: Polysaccharides are _______ of more than two molecules.
Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
Bonus: polymers
The amino acid sequence determines the ______ of the ______
structure of the protein
Enzymes used in the industry are usually ______ which means that they are attached to a material so that their movement is restricted.
Bonus for 200 : What does optimal mean?
Immobilized
Bonus for 200: favorable/apt
Metabolism _______ the cell. Anabolism ____molecules in the cell. Catabolism ______ molecules in the cell.
Bonus for 200: Condensation ______bonds and hydrolysis______ bonds.
balances, builds, breaks
Bonus for 200: makes, breaks
Water can dissolve many organic and inorganic substance that have ____ or _____ regions
Charged or polar
________ is the basis of cells walls and prevents plant cells from bursting (polysaccharide).______ is only made by plant cells , doesn´t affect the osmotic balance of the cells, and temporary stores energy in the leaf when glucose is being made. ____ is made by animals and by also some fungi. It is stored in the liver and some mucles in humans.
Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen
A _______ protein does not normally return to its former structure.
denatured
Enzymes can be _____ by other molecules which meas they can be blocked.
Bonus for 200: ______ can be competitive or non-competitive
Inhibited
Bonus: Inhibition