Social Cognition & Automatic Thinking
The process during which we interpret, analyze, remember, and use information about the social world is known as
a-Encoding
b-automatic processing
c-social cognition
d-schemas
e-heuristics
c-social cognition
Mental frameworks for organizing and processing social information are known as
a-affective states
b-anchoring frameworks
c-schemas
d-heuristics
e- cognitive loads
c- schemas
Rob is definitely not the most attractive guy in the dorms, but he is extremely confident about who he is and how he looks. He is convinced that most women find him to be very attractive, and he in fact usually gets dates with women who are much more attractive than he is. What is the best explanation of Rob’s success?
b-Self-fulfilling prophecy
People often act on goals that have been recently _______
a- controlled
b- primed
c- heuristic
d- repetitive
b- primed
_______ heuristics are mental shortcuts people use to make judgments quickly and efficiently:
a- availability
b- experiential
c- judgmental
d- representativeness
c- judgmental
True or false: Humans are perfect Social Thinkers
False:
False: Social psychologists have uncovered some fascinating mistakes to which we are prone, despite our uncanny cognitive abilities.
Suppose you’re driving home from watching a scary movie about a hitchhiker who was a murderer when you see someone talking loudly with a friend. Because you saw the movie, you assume that you are witnessing an argument that will probably end in a fight. This is an example of:
a-priming.
b- base rate information.
c-belief perseverance.
d- controlled thinking.
a- priming
Identify which of the following scenarios is an example of priming?
a-You recently bought a car and have started to notice that same make and model everywhere you go.
b-You just remembered that you forgot to buy milk at the grocery store.
c-Last night, you dreamed about horses. Today, you are dreading going to work.
d-You feel guilty for being late to your appointment and you have decided to completely change your routine.
a-You recently bought a car and have started to notice that same make and model everywhere you go.
True or false: Priming is used all around us from facial expressions, to advertisements, and in the classroom.
True
_______ _______ is a mental rule of thumb whereby people base a judgment on the ease with which they can bring something to mind:
a- judgmental heuristic
b- availability heuristic
c- experiential heuristic
d- representative heuristic
b- availability heuristic
When we react to a situation with little to no hesitation, unconscious, unintentional, involuntary, and effortless:
a- Analytic thinking style
b-Holistic thinking style
c-Automatic thinking style
d-Controlled thinking
Automatic thinking style
Which of the following is the best summary of the function of schemas?
a-Schemas usually result in erroneous judgments because of the self-fulfilling prophecy.
b-Schemas are always beneficial because they help people organize the world and fill in the gaps in their knowledge.
c-Schemas are useful in helping people organize information about the world, but they are problematic when they result in self-fulfilling prophecies.
d-Schemas are useful for helping us organize information about other people but not about events such as what we should do when eating in a restaurant.
c- Schemas are useful in helping people organize information about the world, but they are problematic when they result in self-fulfilling prophecies.
5- ---information about the frequency of members of different categories in the population:
a- Probability equation
b- Heuristic information
c- Representative factor
d- Base rate information
d- Base rate information
True or False: Only Schemas are primed and influence you to make a decision or judgement.
False: Because the mind and body are intertwined, when we think about something or someone, we consider how our bodies are responding.
Consider Carl who: (1) is not very competent with technology, (2) is middle-aged, (3) loves to read, and (4) does not actively participate in social events or activities. Based on what you know about the representativeness heuristic, which of the following would you think most people assume to be Carl’s occupation?
a. Sales representatives
b. Taxi driver
c. History professor
c- History professor
True or false: Since the technological world is advancing ever so quickly, computers are now able to match us in thinking.
False, as for now, the human brain far outperforms the fastest computer in at least one critical task: understanding other people.
Which of the following is not a way in which schemas can become accessible in people’s minds?
a-The more negative in content a schema is, the more likely it is to be accessible.
b-Schemas can be accessible because of people’s past experiences.
c-Schemas can become temporarily accessible because of priming.
d-Schemas can be accessible if they are related to our current goals
a- The more negative in content a schema is, the more likely it is to be accessible.
Which of the following is the best example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
a- A teacher believes that boys are better at math than girls, but boys in his class do worse than girls in math.
b-Bob thinks that members of the Alpha Beta Psi sorority are unfriendly and snobby. Whenever he meets members of this sorority, they are friendly toward him.
c-Sarah is worried that her son is not gifted in music, but he does better at his piano lessons than she expected.
d-Jill thinks her daughter is not a good reader and doesn’t spend much time reading to her. As a result her daughter falls behind in reading at school.
d-Jill thinks her daughter is not a good reader and doesn’t spend much time reading to her. As a result her daughter falls behind in reading at school.
---------- a phenomenon whereby exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention
Priming
According to research in social psychology, why do many people believe that their horoscopes are accurate descriptions of who they are and what is likely to happen to them?
a. Horoscopes are written in a vague way so that most people view them as representative of their personalities and past behaviors.
b. Horoscopes trigger automatic decision making.
c. People find it difficult to bring to mind examples that are similar to the horoscope.
d. Horoscopes automatically prime people's life goals.
A- Horoscopes are written in a vague way so that most people view them as representative of their personalities and past behaviors.
The three reasons something can become accessible to one's mind.
First, some schemas are chronically accessible because of past experience.
Second, something can become accessible because it is related to a current goal.
Lastly, schemas can become temporarily accessible because of our recent experiences.
The extent to which schemas and concepts are at the forefront of people’s minds and are therefore likely to be used when making judgments about the social world:
a- social cognition
b- accessibility
c- controllability
d- social judgement
b- accessibility
Eden primed some army leaders to have high expectations of their platoons and others to have low expectations. Although there were no differences between platoons at the beginning of a training program, by the end, platoons with high-expectation leaders were performing much better'. This is an example of:
a- A self-fulfilling prophecy
b- A mere exposure effect
c- Reverse discrimination
d- Tokenism
a- a self-fulfilling prophecy
Which of the following is the best summary of research on automatic goal pursuit?
a. People can only select which goals to work toward using controlled thinking.
b. People often pursue goals that have been recently primed, without realizing that that is why they are pursuing the goal.
c. People often pursue goals that have been recently primed, but only if they are consciously aware that the goal has been primed.
d. People never choose their goals consciously; they only pursue automatically primed goals.
b- People often pursue goals that have been recently primed, without realizing that that is why they are pursuing the goal.
Tina is in high school and loves babysitting. She is also soft-spoken, calm, and nurturing. If someone said that Tina is most likely going to be a school teacher rather than an accountant, which of the following heuristic techniques are they relying upon?
a. The availability heuristic.
b. The representativeness heuristic.
c. The anchoring and adjustment heuristic.
d. The encoding heuristic.
b. The representativeness heuristic.