Definitions
A tiny building block that makes up DNA and RNA.
Nucleotide
What is the DNA base pairing rule?
Adenine pairs with thymine, guanine pairs with cytosine. Uracil replaces thymine in RNA.
What happens during Metaphase?
Chromosomes are lined up at the center of the cell.
Define Anticodon
A sequence of nucleotides that are complementary to codons.
List the three stages of the cell cycle.
Interphase, Mitosis, cytokinesis
The process of growth and reproduction of cells.
Cell Cycle.
The process of copying a gene's DNA sequence to create RNA.
Transcription.
The membrane around the nucleus disappears, and chromosomes begin to coil up. Spindle fibers attach. Name the phase.
Prophase.
Define a gene.
DNA molecule that codes for a unique protein.
Haploid cells contain ____ set(s) of chromosomes, Diploid cells contain ____ set(s) of chromosomes.
1. one
2. two
The diploid cell that results from fertilization.
Zygote.
Where does transcription occur?
The Nucleus.
Name the phases of Mitosis in order.
Interphase, prophase, Metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis.
Define Amino Acids
The molecule used to build a protein.
What scientists call the DNA- copying process.
Replication.
The joining of gametes during sexual reproduction.
Fertilization.
Using your Codon wheel, find the amino acid using the DNA sequence.
DNA: G A T
mRNA:
Amino Acid:
mRNA : C U A
Amino Acid: Leucine (Lue)
New chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell, begin to uncoil, and new nuclear membranes form. Name the phase.
Telophase
Define Mitosis
A process where a single cell splits into two identical daughter cells.
Define a Codon
A sequence of three nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a signal to start or stop protein synthesis.
The process where amino acids are bonded together in a growing chain to form a protein.
Protein Synthesis.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
A sugar, a phosphate, and a base.
Sister chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes, moved by spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell.
Anaphase
Define Irreducible Complexity
if one part of the system is removed or doesn’t work, the entire system will not function.
Matching pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell.
Homologous Chromosomes.