Definitions
Contains both solutes and a solvent
Substances dissolved in a liquid or gas
The liquid or gas used with solutes
What is Solution
Solute
Solvent
Three types of Passive transport
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Cell Membrane
•Separates extracellular vs intercellular substances
•Acts as a selective barrier for movement into/out of the cell
•“Selectively Permeable”
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Into the cell
Out of the cell
Interphase
1.G1 phase – cell carries out normal metabolic function
2.S phase – DNA is replicated
3.G2 phase – cell prepares to divide
•Utilization of membrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane AGAINST a concentration gradient.
What is Active Transport
High gradient to Low gradient
What is Simple Diffusion
Cytoplasm
•Cytosol- chemical reactions
•Cytoskeleton- framework of cell
•Organelles
Golgi Apparatus
Protein Packaging
Proteins to glycoproteins and lipoproteins
Prepares to ship out of the cell
Prophase
The three things a cell will do if we put it into a solution
shrink - hypertonic
expand - hypotonic
unchanged - isotonic
Non soluble molecules enter the membrane through gated channels and carrier molecules
What is Facilitated diffusion
Nucleus
Separated from cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope
Contains the genetic material of the cell (DNA) - cannot leave
Transcription happens here!
Mitochondria
“Power-House” of the cell
Cellular respiration
ATP generation
Has its own DNA
Metaphase
Chromosomes start to line up in the middle. Spindle fibers start to attach to the centromere and centrioles.
The degree to which a solution’s concentration of solute-vs-water causes water to move in or out of the cell
What is Tonicity
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower concentration
What is Osmosis
Ribosome
Protein Synthesis-
Translation happens here!
Lysosomes
Intracellular digestive system
Break down phagocytized bacteria
Anaphase
Spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart and towards opposite poles.
The split of a cell into two daughter cells
What is cytokinesis
Side A has 10% salt and 90% water
Side B has 5% salt and 95% water
Water flows into what direction
What is Side A
Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Protein processing and sorting
•Ribosomes are attached to the surface of rough
•No ribosomes are attached to the surface of smooth and deals with lipids
Peroxisomes
•Enzymes break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide
•Breaks H2O2 into H20 and O2
•Highest concentration in detoxification centers such as kidney and liver.
Telophase
The cell begins to split into two. Spindle fibers and centrioles disappear while nuclear envelope reapears.