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Properties of Matter
Changes in Matter
Mixtures of Matter
Elements and Compounds
100

What are the THREE physical properties of water (include an example of each)

Solid (ice)

Liquid (pure water)

Gas (water vapor)

100

Classify as a physical or a chemical change:

Burning wood

Burning wood

100

Describe a method that could be used to separate: 

a sand and salt mixture

Filtration

100

True or False: An element is a combination of two or more compounds

False, an element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

200

Identify the physical property as extensive or intensive:

length

extensive property

200

True of false:

A change in phase is a chemical change

False, a change is phase is a physical change

200

What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogenous mixture?  

A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, meaning it appears the same no matter where you sample it. A heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition, with distinct components that can be visually separated or identified.

200

Is it possible to distinguish between an element and a compound?

Yes, it is possible to distinguish between an element and a compound. Elements are pure substances composed of only one type of atom, while compounds are substances formed by two or more different elements chemically bonded together in fixed proportions.

300

Classify as a physical or chemical property:

Sodium ignites when dropped in water

Chemical property

300
What four indicators show that a chemical change has occured?

  • Decompose

  • Explode

  • Rust

  • Oxidize

  • Corrode

  • Tarnish

  • Ferment

  • Burn

  • Rot 

300

What is chromatography, and how does it work?

Chromatography is a process for separating components of a mixture. To get the process started, the mixture is dissolved in a substance called the mobile phase, which carries it through a second substance called the stationary phase.

300

The chemical symbol consists of:

  • 1-3 letters

  • The first letter is always capitalized

  • The remaining letters are always lowercase

400

What is the difference between gas and vapor?

Gas refers to a substance that is naturally in the gaseous state at room temperature.

Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature.

400

After burning a candle for 3 hours, the candle loses half of its mass. Explain how this does NOT violate the law of conservation of mass

  • The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed. 
  • Burning a candle is a chemical reaction where wax reacts with oxygen. 
  • The products of this reaction include gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor.
400

What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties.

400

Can compounds be separated into its components? An if yes, how is it done?

Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Separating a compound into its elements often requires external energy such as heat and electricity.

500

A carton of milk is poured into a bowl. Describe the changes that occur in the milk's shape and volume.

The milk's shape will now resemble a curved, bowl-like shape, and its volume remains constant, as it has simply moved from one container to another.

500

Describe the difference between a chemical change and a physical change

A physical change alters the form of a substance without changing its chemical composition, like changing its shape, size, or state (solid, liquid, gas). A chemical change, on the other hand, alters the chemical composition, creating a new substance with different properties.

500

What are the 5 methods for separating mixtures and how do each of them work?

1. Filtration:

  • How it works: Filtration separates a solid from a liquid using a porous barrier (like filter paper or a mesh) that allows the liquid to pass through while retaining the solid particles.
  • Example: Separating sand from water by pouring the mixture through a filter.
  • Physical property used: The size difference of the solid particles and the liquid molecules. 

  • 2. Distillation:
  • How it works: Distillation separates liquids with different boiling points by heating the mixture, causing the liquid with the lower boiling point to evaporate and then condensing it back into a liquid.
  • Example: Separating alcohol from water by heating the mixture, collecting the alcohol vapors, and then condensing them back into a liquid.
  • Physical property used: Different boiling points of the liquids. 

3. Evaporation:

  • How it works: Evaporation separates a dissolved solid from a liquid by allowing the liquid to evaporate, leaving the solid behind.
  • Example: Separating salt from salt water by allowing the water to evaporate.
  • Physical property used: Different volatility of the liquid and the solid. 

4. Magnetism:

  • How it works: Magnetism separates magnetic materials from a mixture by using a magnet to attract and separate the magnetic particles.
  • Example: Separating iron filings from a mixture of iron filings and sand.
  • Physical property used: The magnetic properties of certain materials. 

5. Chromatography:

  • How it works: Chromatography separates substances based on their different affinities for a stationary phase (like paper or a column) and a mobile phase (a solvent). Different substances travel at different speeds through the phases, leading to separation.
  • Example: Separating colored pigments in ink.
  • Physical property used: Different interactions of substances with the stationary and mobile phases. 
500

What is the percent mass formula?