Trade
What is one city where a trade fair happepened?
Antwerp, Paris, Lagny, Provins, Troyes, Leipzig, Frankfurt, Augsburg, Medina del Campo
What is one artisan trade?
Weaving, barrel making, stonemasonry, etc.
What is one part of city life that the council managed?
Defense of the city, tax collection, maintenance of city walls, etc.
What portion of the European population died during the Black Death?
1/3
What were the 2 main trade routes?
The Atlantic and Baltic Route
Where did artisans make and sell their products?
workshops in their houses
What is a city charter (fuero)?
a legal document that established self-government for a city and specified its rights and privileges, granted the monarch who controlled the land the city was built on
What were the 2 types of urban schools?
Cathedral schools and Municipal schools
What are 5 goods that were commonly traded on medieval trade routes?
Spices, silk, cloth, furs, honey, wheat, leather, weapons, iron, salt, wine, tin, wool, ambers, wax, wood
What is a guild?
A group of artisans of the same trade formed to help protect each other from the competition of unqualified artisans - only guild members could make and sell their products in the city
2. Peasants went to live in cities to escape serfdom - a peasant who lived in a city for one year was considered free
3. Trade was revived, and merchants settled in cities for protection and access to markets
Who was represented in the parliament of a kingdom?
The monarch, the nobility, the clergy, and the cities' governments
What are 3 improvements in agricultural techniques that led to the growth in trade?
1. The heavy plough replaced the Roman plough
2. Irrigation was developed
3. New crops were introduced (citrus, rice, etc)
4. Three-field crop rotation
5. Windmills and watermills
What did a guild's statute contain?
Rules of the trade and a system of aid for members
What groups made up the elite class of urban society?
wealthy merchants and artisans, high clergy, wealthy people in government
Why did inheritance rights cause disputes?
When the thronebearer of a kingdom dies without leaving an heir, other monarchs would fight over who got to take the throne
Hanseatic, Genoese, Venetian, Catalan, and Champagne
What were the three categories of artisans, and what did each do?
1. Masters: owners of the workshop, tools, and raw materials; they received any profits and were responsible for any debts
2. Journeymen: young men who worked for different masters and received a salary
3. Apprentices: young people who worked for a master for no salary to learn the trade for many years
How was urban life different for Christians, Muslims, and Jewish people?
- they lived in separate areas of the city
- they were governed by different rules - ex. the Jewish community had its own government, courts, schools, butchers, cemeteries, etc.; interfaith marriage was illegal
- Non-Christians were not allowed to join guilds - they had to work in other professions to make money in the city
What was one impact of the Black Death, besides the death count?
Persecution of marginalized people, especially Jewish people
Flagellant processions