Plate Tectonics
What is the outer most layer of the Earth?
The Crust
Rocks fundamentally start as this type of rock via the cooling of magma
Igneous Rocks
The two primary types of weathering are _______ & __________
A scientist who studies fossils is known as a _________
Paleontologist
Changes, called ____________, help organisms to survive in their environment.
Adaptations
The region where plates meet, or interact, is known as a _______ __________
Plate Boundary
This type of rock is formed by extreme heat and pressure
Metamorphic
This is the term for the chemical or physical breakdown of rocks, soils, and minerals at Earth's surface
Weathering
Trace Fossil
This phrase or idea describes the process of natural selection
"Survival of the fittest"
This type of stress is caused by a Transform Boundary
Shear stress
____________ becomes ___________ after reaching Earth's surface
Magma / Lava
Rockslides or mudslides are primarily caused by this type of erosion
Gravitational
Cross-cutting geological features that are younger than the surrounding rock are known as _________.
Intrusions
The variety of types of living organisms in a given habitat or environment is called _____________.
Biodiversity
Plateaus form on which part of continents?
The interior / middle
Fossils are typically contained by which type of rock?
Sedimentary
Moraines form as a result of ___________.
Deposition
Label the rock layers from youngest to oldest
F, B, K, N, A, J, D, M, H, C, L, G, E
Why did the finches on the Galapagos Islands have different sized beaks?
Adaptations for different food sources
What are responsible for the movement of tectonic plates?
Convection Currents
This is the name for the process that turns sediment into sedimentary rock, and the two things that must happen for it to occur.
lithification — which requires both compaction, where the weight of overlying sediment presses layers together, and cementation, where minerals in groundwater bind the sediment particles into solid rock
Although both mechanical and chemical weathering break down rocks, this is the key difference between the two processes
Mechanical weathering physically breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering changes the actual chemical makeup of the rock
These 3 conditions must be met for a fossil to be considered an Index Fossil:
1) Existed for a short amount of time
2) Was abundant in population
3) Was geographically widespread
What are four factors can influence natural selection?
Changes in habitat, Overproduction, Competition, Variations