The Neuron
____________ is the white fatty covering the helps insulate and protect the neurons axon.
Myelin sheath
Opiates function similar to our naturally occurring ________ neurotransmitters.
Endorphins
Name the fastest and the slowest route of administration discussed.
Fastest - IV
Slowest - Oral
List the three types of drug tests discussed
Urinalysis
blood test
hair analysis
This image depicts a(n) __________ receptor.
Ionotropic
Identify the axon in this image.
3
Which neurotransmitter is thought to be important in the development of Parkinson’s disease?
Dopamine
How can substances be impacted by food when taken orally?
Diluted drug concentration
Encapsulate the drug, so it passes in the feces
What does the acronym ADME stand for?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
List the three monoamines discussed
Norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine
When a neurotransmitter molecules detaches from the receptor and is reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron, this is an example of _________.
Reuptake
Identify this type of brain scan
PET scan
What is one potential negative effect that can occur with chronic use of intranasal substance use?
Deterioration of the nasal cavity
With chronic use, how long can cannabis be detected in a urine test?
up to 42 days
Drug dosage is calculated using _____________ and ____________.
body weight (in kg) and the desired dose in mg/kg
The synaptic vesicle is identified in this image with which number?
2
After a wild night of partying and drinking, Kyle gets sick and vomits. This is likely due to which part of the brain identifying the high levels of toxins and attempting to purge the body?
Medulla
Name the three types of injection, where they are given, and give an example for each
Intramuscular (into muscle) - vaccines, antibiotics
Intravenous (into the vein) - saline, morphine
This does-effect curve is an example of a __________ effect.
Biphasic
______ and ________ show biphasic effects on heart rate.
Alcohol and marijuana
For an action potential to be generated, a(n) ______________ must be reached, at approximately -50 millivolts).
Stimulus threshold
Cocaine, amphetamines, and some hallucinogens (such as LSD) are called ______________ because of their effect on the autonomic nervous system.
Sympathomimetic
List and give an example for three of the routes of administration (excluding injections)
Oral - pills
inhalation - cigarettes, inhaler
intranasal - cocaine, afrin
sublingual - cocaine, snuff, nitroglycerin
transdermal - nicotine, nitroglycerin, hormones
According to the video we watched on drug testing, how many individuals were mistakenly arrested due to false positive drug screenings each year?
30,000
Explain why the difference between the effective and lethal dose matters and given an example of where this difference is large and when this difference is small.
Vary based on substance - can be vital to knowing life/death situations
Large - caffeine, cannabis
Small - fentanyl, heroin, cocaine