Cells
The three general parts of a cell
What are the nucleus, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm?
Part of a channel protein that determines what can pass through it
Charge of the hydrophilic tunnel
Removal of the ligand (ex. Acetylcholine)
Term for towards the back of the body
dorsal
Functions of the plasma membrane. Name at least 2.
• A boundary separating the cytoplasmic (intracellular) substances
from the extracellular environment of the cells.
• Encloses and supports the cell contents.
• Attaches to the extracellular environment or to other cells.
• The ability to recognize and communicate with other cells.
• Determines what moves into and out of cells.
Types of ion channels and what they do
1. Leak (nongated): permeability of plasma membrane at rest
2. Ligand gated: opened by molecules that bind proteins or glycoproteins
3. Voltage gated: opens by change in charge across plasma membrane
Location of GDP when a G protein receptor is at rest
alpha subunit
Term for something close to the attachment point of a limb to the trunk
proximal
Describe membrane potential and where positive/negative charges are found.
• An electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane
that results from the cell’s regulation of ion movement into and
out of the cell.
• There are more positively charged ions along the outside of
the plasma membrane, giving it a positive charge.
• There are more negatively charged ions and proteins on the
inside of the plasma membrane, giving it a negative charge.
Three steps of transport through carrier protein
1. Specific molecule enters the carrier.
2. Molecule attaches to binding site in
carrier.
3. Protein changes shape to transport
to the other side. Resumes original
shape after transport.
How is the alpha subunit activated in a G protein complex?
Sagittal plane
plane that goes ventral to dorsal
Term that describes properties of plasma membrane, including phospholipid reassembly after damage, membrane fusion, and the distribution of molecules within the membrane.
Fluid-mosaic model
Three types of carrier proteins and their definitions
• Uniporters – moves one ion/molecule.
• Symporters – move two ions/molecules in the same
direction at the same time (cotransport).
• Antiporters – move two ions/molecules in opposite
directions at the same time (countertransport).
The three subunits of a G protein complex and what happens to them after activation
alpha, beta, and gamma
alpha separates from others when activated
What makes up the dorsal body cavity?
cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
Describe the 3 components of the plasma membrane.
1. Glycocalyx: on outer surface, made of glycolipids and glycoproteins
2. Phospholipids: bilayer with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
3. Cholesterol: provides stability
How ATP powered pumps work (list all steps from what binds initially and how it returns to the original shape)
1. ATP-powered pumps have
binding sites for specific ions
or molecules and ATP.
2. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP,
releases energy to change the
shape of the carrier to move
the substance across the
membrane.
3. The ion and phosphate are
released and the pump
resumes its original shape.
Three cellular responses an activated alpha subunit in a G protein complex can stimulate
1. intracellular chemical signals
2. opening ion
channels
3. activating enzymes
associated with the plasma membrane
What makes up the ventral cavity? (all cavities and subcavities)
1. Thoracic cavity (pleural, pericardial, and mediastinal cavities)
2. Abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal and pelvic cavities)