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3.1: What is Ecology?
3.2: Energy, Producers, and Consumers
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
3.4: Cycles of Matter
Fill-in-the-blank
100
The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.
Ecology
100
Such as cows, obtain energy by eating only plants.
Herbivores
100
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
Food chain
100
The chemical substances that an organism needs to survive
Nutrients
100
Organisms that break down organic matter and return it to the environment are called
Decomposer
200
Any nonliving part of an environment
Abiotic factor
200
Such as earthworms, feed on dead matter.
Detritivores
200
Each step in a food chain or food web
Trophic level
200
A nutrient that, in short supply, can limit the productivity of an ecosystem
Limiting nutrient
200
Species make up (BLANK), which make up communities.
Populations
300
An assemblage of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
Population
300
T pr F: Producers release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis.
False, Oxygen
300
A network of all the food chains in an ecosystem.
Food web
300
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following process EXCEPT A) photosynthesis B) transpiration C) burning of fossil fuels D) Decomposition of plants and animals
Transpiration
300
In a four-level energy pyramid, if the first level contains 5000 calories of energy, the third level will contain approximately (BLANK) calories.
50
400
The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving is the A) biome B) ecosystem C) community D) biosphere
b. Community
400
The process in which autotrophs use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
Chemosynthesis
400
The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level.
Biomass
400
Compared to land, the open oceans
are nutrient-poor environments
400
Organisms within an ecosystem are (BLANK) factors in that ecosystems
Biotic
500
Which ecological inquiry method is an ecologist using when he or she enter area periodically to count the population numbers of a certain species? A) questioning B) observing C) experimenting D) modeling
B) observing
500
A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which pair of ecological terms describes the bird? A) herbivore, decomposer B) producer, heterotroph C) carnivore, consumer D) autotroph, herbivore
C) Carnivore, consumer
500
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because A) energy flows in one directions, and nutrients recycle. B) energy is limited in the biosphere, and nutrients are always available. C) nutrients flow in two directions, and energy recycles. D) energy forms chemical compounds, and energy recycles.
A) energy flows in one directions, and nutrients recycle.
500
Elements pass from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another through what?
Biogeochemical cycles
500
Only about 10 percent of the (BLANK) in a trophic level is available to organisms at the next trophic level
Energy