Random Kind of
assimilation: adapting information to what one already knows
accommodation: existing knowledge is modified, providing better match or fit to what is new
Describe basic reflexes
- automatic/cricial for surivival
ex. suckling, grasping, rooting
mental representation
the ability to think about things that are not currently stimulating the senses
ex. pretending to feed a doll when food is not present
A child believes that if they think hard enough that it will rain tomorrow it will rain. What is this an example of?
magical thinking
What are the two subtypes of the preoperational stage of development?
Symbolic Function and Intuitive thoughts
What is the main point of Piaget's constructivist theory of learning?
individuals are not seen as passive receptors of information, they are active!
create one's knowledge by interpreting new information considering prior learning
What is the stage in Piaget's development model when babies repetitively engage in activities when discovering their bodies where they begin to pair reflexes with intent?
primary circular reaction
egocentrism
difficulty seeing things from any perspective other than their own,
I am the center of everyone's universe
John gets upset with their older sibling because they knocked down their block tower. They belive that it can never go back to the way it was. This child lacks...
irreversibility
what is the preoperational phase of development most known for?
significant increase in language and imaginaltion
During what stage of Piaget's cognitive development model does the child primarily learn about the world through senses and actions?
sensory-motor
what is secondary circular reaction characteristics
object permanence
repeated actions that produce effects on the external environment
"I can influence my surroundings"
ex. every time I shake a raddle, it makes a sound I like
the belief that inanimate objects have feelings, thoughts, and interactions
- increased imagination
- increased efforts to make sense of the world
What does classification look like in the stage of intuitive thoughts?
making decisions based on their perceptions rather than logic
ex. kid keep saying why why why
What is the main characteristic of the concrete operational stage?
understanding the world through logical thinking and categories
What are some characteristics of deferred imitation?
imitation of an action the child has observed early which increases memory, recollection, and social development
ex. I see mom and dad talking on the phone so I will copy
Describe what happens during the coordination of a secondary circular reaction
- coordination of different activities to achieve a specific goal
- increases intentionality and problem-solving
ex. if I make a noise, my mom will hear, and I will get what I want
what is it called when a child uses objects to represent other things in play such as using a stick as a "sward".
Symbolic play
John only likes to categorize his time sorting his toys by color. The shapes have other similarities but John can only focus on one. What is this called?
Classification
John loves playing with a shape sorter toy. He is beginning to learn to solve problems and use fine motor skills. What stage of development does this illustrate?
Trail and Error (18-24 months)
Now explain the tertiary circular reaction of development
experimentation with new actions to see different outcomes
- shows curiosity, learning object properties and consequences of actions
John begins to realize that he is separate from others and can now recognize himself in the mirror. What stage of development must he be in?
self-recognition
What is the difference between centration and conservation?`
centration: the tendency to focus on one noticeable aspect of an object or situation and ignoring others
conservation: the understanding that certain properties of objects remain the same even when their looks change