Terminology
If a cell is placed in a Hypertonic solution it will:
Shrivel
Describe what a concentration gradient is
Describe in depth the structure of the cell membrane
-Double membrane. Hydrophobic fatty acids tails. Hydrophilic phosphate heads. Fluid mosaic. Semi permeable. Etc.
What are the 3 types of Passive transport?
-Simple diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis
This is the theory that all life must come from other life
Biogenic Theory
The process of ions and polar molecules crossing the cell membrane with the cell of a protein channel. Is a type of passive transport.
Facilitated Diffusion
What are histone proteins? Where are they located and what do they do?
Chromatin wraps tightly around histone proteins in order to pack genetic material into chromosomes
Describe the structure and function of vacuoles (specifically in plants)
-Acts like a big water balloon that takes up most of the space in a plant cell.
-Functions in water (and food) storage and regulation. Keeps the plant erect and prevents it from wilting
What are the 3 types of Active Transport?
Primary Active Transport, Secondary Active Transport, Bulk Transport
The polymer of a carbohydrate is a ...
Polysaccharide
What are the 3 types of junctions in cells?
Gap junction, Tight Junction, Desmosomes
Describe the contributions of Hooke and Leeuwenhoek
Robert Hooke observed Cork under a microscope. Observed small chambers that he called “cells”
-Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe living organisms through a microscope. Called them “animalcules.” Is known as the “Father of Microbiology”
Describe the structure AND function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Flattened membrane sacs right outside the nucleus. Rough ER has ribosomes. Smooth does does. Detoxification of toxins & protein production.
This types of transport involves the movement of water. What are the protein channels called? (Need both for full credit)
Osmosis, Aquaporins
Describe in detail the Cycle of Scientific Enterprise
The process of forming a theory to account for a body of facts, formulating testable hypotheses, experimenting, and analyzing results
A solution that has a lower solute concentration than that of a cell placed inside it
Hypotonic
Differentiate between Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes: less complex, single celled, no membrane bound organelles, no nucleus
Eukaryotes: more complex, single or multicellular, membrane bound organelles, nucleus
Describe the structure and function of the mitochondria
-Double membrane, inner folds are called cristae, is the powerhouse of the cell, creates ATP for energy, has its own DNA
This type of transport involves an ATP-dependent membrane bound pump that works against a concentration gradient
Primary Active Transport
List the 4 classes of Biomolecules and give an example of each
Protein- Enzymes
Carbohydrates- Cellulose (plant structure)
Lipid- Cell membrane
Nucleic acids- DNA
Describe the Endosymbiont Theory
-A prokaryotic cell became engulfed by within a larger cell. The prokaryotic cells evolved to become organelles
•Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have their own DNA and is circular, similar to that of prokaryotes
•Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have their own ribosomes
•Mitochondria & Chloroplasts reproduce by binary fission, like prokaryotes
What are the 3 Major components to the cell theory? You may also list the 3 modern components if you know them
1. All living things are made of cells
2. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function for living things
3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells
4. Energy flow occurs within cells
5. Hereditary info is passed between cells
6. All cells have the same basic chemical composition
Describe in as much detail as possible the structure and function of the Golgi Body
-Flattened membrane sacs with a cis (receiving) end and a trans (exporting) end
-Modify, transport, and secrete protein packages. Is like the cell's post office
What are the 2 major types of bulk transport?
Exocytosis: release of contents outside of the cell
Endocytosis: intake of contents into a cell. (Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, receptor mediated cytosis)
What are the 4 components to the structure of a protein?
Central Carbon, Amino group, Carboxyl group, R side chain