What type of earthly material hold large #'s of groundwater?
What is sandstone, sand,& gravel.
100
A layer of permeable rock through which water flows freely.
What is aquifer
100
usually pumpless wells drilled into pressurized aquifers.
What is Artesian Wells *(the amount of water pressure in an artesian well depends upon the difference in elevation between the highest part of the aquifer and the well)*
100
How do caves form?
What is When it rains, and goes into the soil, it chemically combines with carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid. Then, goes through rocks and acid reacts with the rocks.
200
How does groundwater flow?
What is a series of interconnected pores in soil and some rock. *(pores in soil are the spaces between the fragments and pieces of rocks & the pores in rocks are the spaces between the grains and crystals, and also cracks in the rocks)*
200
Hole or shaft must be dug into this zone in order for water to be pumped out.
What is zone of saturation
(the lower end of the shaft is lined with screens. Then a well using, a pipe that has slotts on the lower part, is set into place inside the hole. The slots let the water flow but keep sand and gravel out.)
200
a hot fountain that erupts periodically, shooting water and steam into the air.
What is geysers
200
cave pearls form when________
What is water drips into shallow cave ponds.
300
The volume of pore space divided by the volume of a rock or soil sample. (how porous something is)
What is porosity
300
What are aquitards made from?
What is shale, mudstone, clay are impermeable rocks and sediment. *(sand, gravel,sandstone, porous limestone, and highly fractured bedrock of any type can make good aquifers.)*
300
the contamination of soil, water, air, or other parts of the environment by something harmful.
What is pollution (most gw pollution comes form non point sources)
300
Ways To Clean GroundWater:
1. preventing groundwater pollution (remove source of pollution)
2. Pump water out, remove pollutant, return water to the aquifer.
3. Treat water while in aquifer
4. Bioremediation- a process that uses living organisms to remove pollutants.
5. Bacteria and Fungi, use organic materials for food. also plants bc the roots of some trees and plants can absorb certain dangerous metals.
300
forms as water drips and then evaporates leaving behind deposits of calcium carbonate. *Stalacites hang from the ____. Stalagmites hang from the ______. Where the two form =
What is dripstone. Stalicites=celing Stalamites=Floor. Where they meet= columns
400
Water contained in the open spaces, or pores, of soil and rock. (*one of the most imp source of freshwater*)
What is Groundwater
400
how are artesian springs formed?
What is where aquifers are trapped between formation of rock or impermeable material.Water in the sand whiched aquifer is under pressure. If a crack from in the impermeable rock of an aquifer, the groundwater will rise to the surface forming an artesian spring.
400
8 sources of Groundwater Pollution
1. Salt used to melt snow
2. Mines
3. Sewer lines, break/leak pipelines that leak.
4. Septic systems with harmful bacteria
5 cropland, fertilizers and other chemicals used on crops.
6. Animal wastes from feed lots.
7. Chemicals and bacteria
8. Gas + toxic chemicals from under-ground storage tanks.
9. Industrial Wastes (holding pond)
10. Sanitary landfill
11. Road Runoff
12. Transportation of toxic materials
400
overpumping=more groundwater being removed than going in.... effects are.....
1. water table drops and some wells go dry
2. subsidence- when water no longer fills the pores in an aquifer, the land above the aquifer sinks
3. saltwater intrusion
400
Sinkhole=_______. An area with many sinkholes is called a ________.
What is when too much rock dissolves the the cave's roof can no longer support the land above it and collaspes into the cave. (often develop in zones of fractured limestone) Karst area is where there are many sinkholes
500
contains many well connected pores or cracks and allows groundwater to flow through it.
What is permeable
500
About Groundwater flow
1. Groundwater pressure is caused by gravity
2. Flows from high pressure to low pressure
3. Greater the slope, faster GW flows
500
a lining of plastic or concrete, or is located on clay-rich soils that trap the liquid waste.
What is sanitary landfill
500
What is a cavern, underground chamber that opens to the surface.
Cave system is.....
What is cave. A cave system is a place where many caves are connected by passages.
500
Good Luck On Your Test
What is everyone doing for Spring Break? *Stay Safe*