Jamestown & Early English Settlers
What was one major challenge the settlers faced when building Jamestown?
Harsh winters, lack of food, disease, or conflicts with American Indians.
What three countries competed for land in the Americas?
Spain, France, and England.
Why were the Middle Colonies called the "Breadbasket Colonies"?
They produced large amounts of wheat, barley, and oats.
What was the main cash crop of Virginia?
Tobacco
Who was Pocahontas, and how did she help Jamestown?
Daughter of Chief Powhatan; helped mediate peace and married John Rolfe.
Who was the leader that helped Jamestown survive with strict rules?
Captain John Smith
What was the main goal of French settlers in North America?
The fur trade
Who was an important leader in Philadelphia that improved infrastructure?
Benjamin Franklin
Who founded Maryland, and why?
Lord Baltimore; for religious freedom for Catholics.
Who was Olaudah Equiano, and why is he important?
He wrote an autobiography exposing the horrors of slavery, influencing the abolition movement.
What was "The Starving Time," and what caused it?
A period of famine (1609-1610) due to lack of food and poor relations with the Powhatan.
What role did La Salle play in France’s expansion?
He explored the Mississippi River and claimed Louisiana for France.
What religious group founded Pennsylvania?
The Quakers
Why was Georgia founded?
As a buffer colony and a place for debtors.
Why was Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts?
She challenged Puritan religious beliefs.
What cash crop became central to Jamestown's economy?
Tobacco
Why did tensions arise between the Iroquois and the French?
The Iroquois allied with the British, opposing the French and their Native allies.
How did the Hudson and Delaware Rivers help the Middle Colonies?
They provided transportation for trade and goods.
How did plantations differ from small farms in the South?
Plantations relied on enslaved labor, while small farms were more self-sufficient.
What was John Winthrop’s vision for the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
A "City Upon a Hill," a model Christian community.
What was the House of Burgesses, and why was it important?
The first representative assembly in the colonies, laying the foundation for self-government.
What were the Beaver Wars, and how did they impact alliances?
Conflicts over the fur trade that led to shifting alliances between European and Native groups.
How were the Middle Colonies different from the Southern and New England colonies?
They were more diverse, had a mix of farming and trade, and had religious tolerance.
How were enslaved people treated in the Southern Colonies?
They were forced to work under harsh conditions with few rights.
How did Benjamin Franklin contribute to Philadelphia?
He helped develop the postal system, fire department, and public libraries.