Unique Nature of Pure Water
What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another?
Hydrogen Bond
Which color of light penetrates deepest into the ocean?
Blue Light
What is the total amount of salt dissolved in seawater called?
Salinity
What affects the chemistry of the ocean?
Rising CO2 levels
Where does carbon that forms organic molecules come from?
The atmosphere
What is water’s nickname because it can dissolve many substances?
Universal solvent
Organisms on land are under how much pressure at sea level?
1 Atmosphere
What two ions make up about 85% of the dissolved materials in seawater?
Sodium and chloride
What is the process called when the ocean becomes less alkaline due to absorbing CO₂?
Ocean Acidification
What process turns CO₂ into glucose?
Photosynthesis
What property allows water to resist rapid temperature changes?
High heat capacity
What tool is used to measure how clear or transparent ocean water is?
Secchi disk
What factors mainly control the density of seawater?
Temperature and salinity
What type of ions are needed to build and maintain shells?
Carbonate
What process releases CO₂ back into the air or ocean?
Respiration
What happens to water when it freezes that helps aquatic life survive?
The ice floats and insulates the water below
Why does sound travel faster in water than in air?
Water is denser then air
What makes seawater denser?
Higher salinity
What do greater CO2 concentrations cause greater mortality in?
marine larva
What human activity adds extra CO₂ and causes ocean changes?
Burning fossil fuels
Why can water climb up a plant stem or straw?
Cohesion and Adhesion
What is the name of the deep ocean layer where low-frequency sounds can travel for thousands of kilometers?
SOFAR Channel
What process removes most trace elements from seawater?
Marine snow
Which marine animals are most at risk from ocean acidification?
How much CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere each year?
30%