Earth's Interior
What are the Layers of the Earth
Inner core, outer core, Mantle, Crust
What two things can alter one mineral into another?
How does an igneous rock form?
magma/lava cools
Do rocks follow the same step every time through the rock cycle? Why or why not?
No, because a rock can undergo certain conditions to change its path through the cycle.
In convection currents, why does the heated rock/material rise?
It's less dense.
What is the thickest layer of Earth?
Mantle
Explain the rapid and slow cooling effect on a mineral.
Cools rapidly- smaller crystal because it doesn't have enough time to develop.
Cools slowly- larger crystal because it has time to develop.
How does a sedimentary rock form?
small particles (sediment) are cemented together.
If you apply pressure and heat to an igneous rock what type of rock will it be formed into?
Metamorphic rock
What do convection currents provide for Earth?
Provides energy to move from Earth's interior to it's surface.
What is the thinnest layer of Earth?
Crust
What are 3/5 characteristics for a substance to be a mineral?
Naturally occurring
Solid
Inorganic process
Crystal structure
Chemical Composition
How does metamorphic rock form?
heat and pressure applied
High heat melts sedimentary rock. That rock them cools and hardens. What type of rock is this? How do you know?
Igneous rock, because it cools and hardens.
What would happen to the convection currents if the interior cooled down?
Currents would stop without the heat giving it energy to move the material/rock.
What layer causes the magnetic field?
Outer Core
Name 5/8 properties to identify a mineral.
color
streak
luster
hardness
crystal structure
cleavage/fracture
special properties
density
What is the process for sedimentary rock to form?
1. weathering and erosion
2. transportation
3. deposition
4. compaction
5. cementation
Changed and recycled
Name 3 ways convection currents can be set into motion.
1 correct- 150pts
2 correct- 250pts
3 correct- 400pts
1. Heating and cooling
2. Change in density
3. Gravity
Explain where the lithosphere and asthenosphere are located. And a description of each.
Lithosphere- crust and upper part of the mantle. Rigid or harder rock
Asthenosphere- upper part of the mantle below the lithosphere. Less rigid or softer material. Has more pressure
Explain the difference of foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rock.
Foliated-rock has clear parallel layers
Non-foliated-no clear layers
What role do plate tectonics play in the rock cycle?
Moving of the plates help drive the rock cycle by helping to form magma. Without magma there wouldn't be igneous rock.
Explain the process of convection currents.
Heated material/rock is moving up toward the upper part of the mantle replacing the cold material/rock. That cold material/rock is being moved down because it's less dense. It will be heated and moved upward. This is a never ending cycle.