Pick Up or Control
This theory explains criminal behavior through the concepts of positive/negative reinforcement and modeling.
What is the Learning Theory?
Group of sociologists from the University of Chicago.
What is the Chicago School?
The dissociation of the individual from the collective conscience - Durkheim.
The contradiction between the goal of achieving wealth and the lack of legitimate means to achieve it - Merton.
The inability of juveniles to achieve peer status in a socially acceptable manner - Cohen.
What is Anomie?
These emphasize human beings live in social groups.
What are Sociological Theories?
This many theories of Psychological causes of crime were highlighted in Chapter 3.
What is 3?
The Learning Theory suggests criminal behavior is sometimes learned through
What is imitation or modeling?
When social disorganization exists, delinquent behavior is often approved by these people.
Who are parents (and neighbors)?
The presentation of an aversive stimulus to reduce a response.
What is Punishment?
Sociological theories of crime causation assume a criminal's behavior is determined by this.
What is environment (or nurture)?
Many people in the psychological community assume that crime is the product of people who have this.
What is low intelligence or low IQ?
Learning theorists believe punishment is ineffective when it is not consistent and
What is immediate?
Socially disorganized communities typically have many opportunities for this type of behavior.
What is delinquent?
Behavior that was previously positively reinforced is no longer reinforced.
What is Extinction?
Durkheim believed crime is this.
What is a social fact?
Characterized by no sense of guilt, no conscience, and no sense of right and wrong.
What is a psychopath?
Rather than arguing why people commit crime, these theories argue why people do not commit crime.
What are Social Control Theories?
Chicago School theory believed neighborhoods with high delinquency rates also experienced this.
What is Social Disorganization?
Learning Theorists believe these 2 types of reinforcement contribute to crime causation.
What are Positive and Negative?
Durkheim believed this was the cause of crime.
What is Anomie?
The most basic of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
What are physiological needs?
His theory of Differential Association argued that criminal behavior was learned.
Who is (Edwin H.) Sutherland?
A problem with the Chicago School Theory is the presumption that
What is social disorganization causes delinquency?
Persons who become criminal because of contacts with criminal definitions and isolation from anti criminal definitions.
What is Differential Association?
Durkheim believed crime was functional because of these two things.
What are it provides a means of social change and marks the boundaries of morality?
Believed that crime could be a symptom of more deep-seated problems and, that if left unresolved, could develop a person into a psychopath.
Who is Sigmund Freud?