Unexpected Responses to Drugs
A pregnant woman takes isotretinoin (Accutane) for acne and her baby is born with birth defects.
Idiosyncratic reaction or Teratogenic effect
Teratogenic Effect
This can be used to treat severe allergic reactions known as anaphylaxis
What is an epi pen
The smallest amount of a drug
Maintenance or Minimum dose
What is the minimum dose
Metabolism and excretion are slower in older adults is is due to their ______________________
What is age
Antihistamines and allergies would be an example of
Synergism or antagonism
What is synergism
A patient takes an antihistamine for allergies and instead of getting sleepy, he becomes hyperactive.
Idiosyncratic or Paradoxical reaction
What is paradoxical reaction
A patient takes penicillin and develops throat swelling, difficulty breathing, and low blood pressure.
Hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis
What is anaphylaxis
The largest amount of a drug that will produce a desired effect
Maximum dose or loading dose
What is maximum dose
Generally, the bigger the person, the greater the dose. This is due to their __________________
What is their weight
Alcohol and sedatives would be an example of
Synergism or potentiation
What is potentiation
A patient takes morphine multiple times and eventually needs a higher dose to achieve the same level of pain relief.
Tolerance or Dependence
What is tolerance
A patient takes a seizure medication and develops a dangerous but very rare blood disorder, even though most people tolerate it.
Idiosyncratic or Paradoxical
An initial high dose is used quickly to elevate the level of the drug in the body
Maintenance dose or Loading dose
What is the loading dose
Women respond differently to medications than men do (due to body fat and hormones). This is related to their ____________
What is gender
When two drugs work together to produce an effect
Potentiation or synergism
What is synergism
A patient takes penicillin and develops hives and itching.
hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis
What is hypersensitivity
This dependence involves craving
Psychological or physical dependence
What is psychological dependence
The dose required to keep the level of a drug in the blood at a steady state
Minimum dose or maintenance dose
What is maintenance dose
Positive patients have more positive responses to medication. This is called the ___________effect
What is placebo
Antagonism or Potentiation
What is potentiation
A patient takes opioids regularly and experiences withdrawal symptoms when he suddenly stops.
Tolerance or Dependence
Dependence
This dependence involves withdrawal symptoms like retching
Psychological or physical dependence
Dose that will produce harmful side effects or symptoms of poisoning
Toxic dose or lethal dose
What is toxic dose
Taking more than one medication at a time is called ________pharmacy. We often see this with the elderly.
What is polypharmacy
The opposing action of two drugs, where one decreases or cancels out the effect of the other
Potentiation or antagonism
What is antagonism