Chapter 3 Preview

Vocabulary

100

ion

result from gaining or losing electrons

200

isoelectronic

has the same number of electrons

300

polyatomic ions

groups of atoms with an overall charge

400

ionic lattice

forms when multiple cations and anions combine; form ionic bonds to create ionic compounds

500

covalent bonds

formed when atoms share electrons

Prefixes

100

di-

two

200

penta-

five

300

tetra-

four

400

hepta-

seven

500

nona-

nine

Using Prefixes

100

Prefixes are using when naming ____ compounds.

covalent

200

True or false: Mono- is used for the first atom named in a covalent compound.

false

300

When naming covalent compounds, which atom is named first?

the atom that is further left or down the periodic table

400

How many element types do binary covalent compounds have?

2

500

The second atom named in a binary covalent compound is treated as a(n) ____ and has a(n) ___ ending.

treated as an anion

has an -ide ending

Naming Ionic Compounds

100

When naming an ionic compound, which atom is named first?

the cation

200

How can you tell which atom is the cation in an ionic compound?

generally, if it is a metal

300

How are cations named?

by naming the atom

ex: NaCl 

sodium chloride

400

When would you use roman numerals when naming an ionic compound?

If the cation is a transition metal with multiple charges

ex: FeO

iron (II) oxide

500

How do you write the formula for an ionic compound when given the name?

One suggestion:

1. Write the chemical symbols (ex: iron (II) oxide so Fe and O)

2. The cation is listed first, so write the cation first (ex: FeO). If the cation is a transition metal, look at the charge of the anion. (ex: oxygen's charge in this ionic compound is 2-.) Does the way you've written the formula show iron with a charge of 2+, oxygen with a charge of 2-, and an overall charge of zero?

3. Yes - you're done; No - balance charges

4. Write your final answer. (ex: FeO)

Naming Binary Acids

100

What is a binary acid?

forms H⁺ in solution; forms H⁺ and a nonmetal ion

200

When the anion in the acid ends in "-ide", how is the acid named?

"hydro-" prefix and "-ic" suffix

ex: HF is hydrofluoric acid

300

When the anion ends in the suffix "-ate," how is the acid named?

"-ic" "acid"

ex: HNO₃ is nitric acid

400

When the anion ends in "-ite," how is the acid named?

"-ous" "acid"

ex: HClO₂ is chlorous acid

500

Name the following acids:

HCl, HNO₂, HC₂H₃O₂, HClO₃

hydrochloric acid, nitrous acid, acetic acid, chloric acid