Chapter 3 Review

H2O/Water

100

The meaning of polar.

Unequal sharing of electrons.

200

The atoms that make up water are partially charged in this way.

The oxygen is partially negatively charged.

The hydrogens are partially positively charged.

300

This property of water allows plants to move water from the soil up through their roots and to their leaves without using energy. 

Capillary Action

400

This property of water allows insects and other creatures to walk or run on water.

Surface Tension

500

This property of water causes a meniscus in graduated cylinders.

Capillary Action

Random

100

The property of water that allows it to stick to other objects.

Adhesion.

200

All organic compounds contain this element.

Carbon

300

The farther a number goes in this direction, the more acidic it is.

Below 7 or down.

400

A neutral solution has this amount of hydronium compared to hydroxide.

Equal

500

Proteins are composed of this monomer.

Amino Acids

Chemical Reactions / Metabolism

100

The meaning of an exothermic reaction.

A reaction that releases energy.

200

Two monomers are bonded together in this reaction.

Dehydration synthesis

300

Hydrolysis breaks polymers up into this small unit.

Monomer

400

Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis compare in this way.

They are opposites. Dehydration synthesis removes water to bond monomers together while hydrolysis adds water to break apart bonds in polymers to form monomers.

500

All of the chemical reactions in an organism that build or break up compounds.

Metabolism

Biological Macromolecules

100

Carbon forms large, complex, and diverse molecules because of this feature of carbon.

Carbon forms 4 stable covalent bonds.

200

These are our two sayings to remember the 4 biological macromolecules and the elements they contain.

Cody        CHO

Likes        CHO

Perfect     CHON

Nachos    CHOPN

300

These are the 3 functional groups in an amino acid.

Amine group

Carboxyl Group

R-Side Chain

400

1. Saturated fatty acids form this type of chain.

2. Unsaturated fatty acids form this type of chain.

1. Straight

2. Bent

500

This biological macromolecule can provide waterproofing.

Lipids

Catalysts/Enzymes

100

Enzymes (catalysts) affect chemical reactions in this way.

Enzymes speed up the reaction by reducing the activation energy. (The enzyme is not used up in the reaction so it can be used over and over again.)

200

Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions. Enzymes are this type of biological macromolecule.

Protein

300

This explains why catalase does not break down water.

The shape of an enzyme causes it to have a very specific function. Catalase acts on hydrogen peroxide but not water because water does not fit into the active site.

400

In chemical reactions, the compound that the enzyme acts on is known as this vocabulary word.

Substrate

500

This vocabulary word describes what happens to an enzyme when it is too far outside of its optimal pH range. (This also happens in other extreme conditions such as very high or very low temperatures.)

Denature. The enzyme changes shape and is no longer functional.