States of Matter Basics
What are the three most common states of matter?
How do the particles of a solid behave?
They are closely locked in position and vibrate in place.
What is the force acting on the surface of a liquid called?
Surface tension
What is the measure of how fast the particles of an object are moving?
Temperature
What is the change of state from solid to liquid called?
Melting
What is matter made of?
Tiny particles called atoms and molecules
How do the particles of a liquid behave?
They are loosely connected and can move past one another.
What is viscosity?
A liquid’s resistance to flow
When the temperature of a gas increases, its particles have more ________.
Energy
What is the change of state from liquid to gas called?
Evaporation or boiling
In a lunch with hot soup and a cold drink, what states of matter are present? List them and the examples.
Solid - ice cubes
Liquid - cold drink
Gas - steam
How do the particles of a gas behave?
They move freely and collide frequently.
Liquids that are thick, like honey, have ________ viscosity.
High
What happens to gas particles when you squeeze a balloon?
They are forced into a smaller volume and pressure increases.
What is the change of state from gas to liquid called?
Condensation
What word describes the small movements of solid particles locked in place?
Vibrations
What determines the state of matter—solid, liquid, or gas—of a substance?
The motion and arrangement of its particles.
The particles of a gas have ________ attraction for each other.
Very little
According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to gas volume when pressure increases (if temperature stays the same)?
Volume decreases (inverse relationship).
What is the process where a solid turns directly into a gas?
Sublimation
What are two main factors that determine the state of matter of a substance?
Which state of matter has particles with the most energy?
Gas
What three variables are linked to the behavior of gases?
Pressure, temperature, and volume
According to Charles’s Law, what happens to gas volume when temperature increases (if pressure stays the same)?
Volume increases (direct relationship).
What must happen to energy for a substance to change state?
Energy must be added or removed (heat gained or lost).