Section 1
all matter is composed of
What are atoms?
the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element
What is an atom?
Atoms of the same element that have different masses
What are isotopes?
Charge- +,-,0
Mass- 1 amu, 1/2000 amu, 1 amu
Location- inside nucleus, outside nucleus, inside nucleus
What are the properties of subatomic particles?
Carbon (C) + Oxygen (O) + Oxygen (O) =
What is carbon monoxide, CO2?
carbon (C) + oxygen (O) + oxygen (O)=
What is carbon dioxide, CO2?
Composed of protons, which have an electric charge of +1, and neutrons, which have no electric charge
What is a Atomic nuclei?
A special unit used by chemists to express amounts of particles, such as atoms and molecules
What is a mole?
according to Dalton's atomic theory, the law of conservation of mass is explained by the fact that chemical reactions involve merely combination, separation, or rearrangement of atoms and that during these processes atoms are not subdivided, created, or destroyed
What is the Relationship between Dalton's atomic theory and the law of conservation of mass
The English schoolteacher who proposed an explanation for the law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportions, and the law of multiple proportions.
Who was John Dalton?
carbon monoxide (CO) equation
What is carbon (C) + oxygen (O)?
These short range proton-neutron, proton-proton, and neutron-neutron forces hold the nuclear particles together.
What is a nuclear force?
It depends on both the mass and then relative abundance of each of the element's isotopes.
What does the average atomic mass of an element depend on?
The mass number is what makes up the nucleus of ____. The atomic number doesn't change per ____.
How do mass number and atomic number apply to isotopes?
The most common type of hydrogen
What is protium?
atoms are divisible into... (although the law of _______ __ ____ still holds true for a chemical reaction)
What are even smaller particles and law of conservation of mass?
This supplied evidence of the existence of electrons, which are negatively charged subatomic particles that have relatively little mass
What is a Cathode-ray tube?
Avogadro's number
What is 6.022 1415x1023 (6.022x1023)?
This special unit used expresses amount of particles, while this is the number of particles in it, and this is the mass of one unit of a pure substance.
What are mole, Avogardo's number, and molar mass?
Proposed a model for the called the plum pudding model; believed that the negative electrons were spread evenly throughout the positive charge of the rest of the atom
Who was Joseph John Thompson?
- the fact that a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound
-when two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers
-states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical change
What is the difference between the law of definite proportions, law of multiple proportions, and law of conservation of mass?
This scientist found evidence for the existence of the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with a beam of positively charged particles.
Who was Zealander Ernest Rutherford?
The way to calculate the average atomic mass of an element
What is calculating the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of the element?
matter is composed of atoms, atoms of a given element have the identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties, atoms cannot be divided, created, or destroyed, atoms of different elements combine to form chemical compounds, in chemical reactions atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged
What are the 5 essential points of Dalton's atomic theory?
Atomic nuclei have ___ of about 0.001 pm (pm= picometers) and atoms have ___ of about 40–270 pm
What is Atomic Radii?