Bronchiectasis
What is the hallmark of bronchiectasis?
Persistent or recurrent cough with production of large amounts of purulent sputum
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
Autosomal recessive, multisystem disease characterized by altered function of the exocrine glands, producing airway obstruction and in an increase in sputum production
What is asthma?
How is COPD characterized?
Chronic inflammation in the airways, lung parenchyma (respiratory bronchioles and alveoli), and pulmonary blood vessles
What is pursed-lip breathing designed to help with?
It is used to prolong exhalation thereby preventing bronchiolar collapse and air trapping (increased CO2)
What is the gold standard for diagnosis of bronchiectasis?
CT scan
How is CF diagnosised?
The sweat test
What are the characteristic manifestations of asthma?
Wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, chest tightness.
Risk factors for COPD?
Cigarette smoking, occupational chemicals, air pollution, severe recurring respiratory infections
What determines success in asthma management?
Correct administration of drugs
How much sputum can be produced daily with bronchiectasis?
Over 500mL/day
Goal of therapy in CF?
Promote clearance of secretions, control infection in lungs, and provide adequate nutrition?
How is asthma diagnosed?
How is a COPD diagnosis confirmed?
Spirometry
Gas exchange abnormalities in COPD can cause?
Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia
Bronchiectasis is hard to treat. What should therapy be aimed towards?
Treating acute exacerbations and preventing a decline in lung function?
What are some respiratory treatments that are helpful for those with CF?
Bronchodilators, Mucolytics, Chest Physiotherapy (postural drainage), and antibiotics
Goal of treatment for asthma?
Maintain and control of the disease
Main goal of COPD care?
1. Relieve symptoms. 2. Improve exercise tolerance 3. Avoid complications 4. Implement a long-term treatment plan 5. Prevent progression of the disease 6. Improve overall quality of life
What is O2 toxicity?
When a patient receives too much oxygen, resulting in cell damage and death. It can cause coughing, trouble breathing, and lung damage. Severe cases can even cause death.
What is the mainstay of treatment for bronchiectasis?
Nursing implications for those with CF?
Care revolves around relieving any airway obstruction, controlling infection, and promoting drainage of mucous from the patient's lungs
Rescue inhaler
What is the ideal O2 reading for a patient with COPD?
Airway clearance techniques using what type of pressure to help clear airways?