Chapter 35
Define Aphasia
What is the partial or total loss of speech and
language skills caused by brain injury?
Define SLP
What is Speech-language pathologists, also called SLPs, are experts in communication. SLPs work with people of all ages, from babies to adults. SLPs treat many types of communication and swallowing problems.
Mental health disorders can affect which
dimensions of a person’s life
What is: physical, emotional, spiritual, social, and intellectual.
Mental health is
What is a state of mind in which a person copes with and adjusts to the stressors of everyday living in socially acceptable ways.
Define Dysarthria
What is
Difficulty speaking clearly
It is caused by weakness or paralysis in the
muscles used for speech.
Communication Aids
What is: Communication Boards
• Boards with pictures or words that show functions or tasks
• Related to activities of daily living
• Client points to the things they want to express
Mechanical and electronic devices
• Client touches a picture or word, and the message is then voiced or printed on a screen
Define Apraxia of speech
What is Apraxia of speech (verbal
apraxia) cannot correctly use the speech
muscles to produce understandable speech.
The client understands speech and knows what to say.
The brain cannot coordinate the speech muscles
(lip, jaw, or tongue movements) to make the
words.
Onset of most mental health disorders occurs
during ___________
What is adolescence or young adulthood.
Mental health disorders can be caused by these factors
What is:
Genetic, biological, personality and environmental factors.
Apraxia is caused by damage to the ___________ area in the brain.
What is the motor speech area?
Three types of Aphasia
What is
• Receptive aphasia
• Expressive aphasia
• Expressive - receptive aphasia?
Common causes of Aphasia
What is:
• Stroke (CVA)
• Head injury
• Brain tumours
The acronym CAMIMH stands for
The main goal of the Canadian Alliance on
Mental Illness and Mental Health
Main goal of CAMIMH
What is to prevent stigma and discrimination?
Define Stigma
What is shame or social disgrace associated
with a circumstance, quality, or person.
Stigma affects men more than women.
Extends to the workplace, although it is against
human rights legislation to discriminate against
people who have mental health disorders.
Causes of speech and language disorders
Genetic problems
Acquired brain injury
• Accident, infection, drug abuse, stroke
Disease
Hearing loss
Brain tumour
Problems with speech
Common causes of Dysarthria
What is:
Cerebral palsy
Multiple sclerosis
Stroke
Head injury
Tumour
Infection
Causes of mental health disorders
What is:
Biological factors
Childhood experiences
Social and cultural factors
Stressful life events
Poor physical health of disability
Define Panic disorder and list some of the symptoms
What is an intense and sudden feeling of fear,
anxiety, terror, or dread for no obvious
reason.
Physical symptoms of fear—shortness of breath,
racing heart, sweat—can escalate quickly.
Many people experience symptoms that are
similar to those of a heart attack.
Three types of anxiety disorders
Separation anxiety disorders
Persistent and excessive worrying about losing
major attachment figures
Selective mutism
Lasts for a month or more, where the client
experiences a consistent inability to speak in
social situations
Social anxiety
Severe distress in social situations
Communication is important for functioning and for maintaining relationships with others.
Difficulty in communication may lead to the
following:
What is:
Avoiding social situations
Avoiding friends, family
Extreme stress
Loss of employment (and resulting financial
concerns)
Difficulties doing routine tasks—shopping,
banking, paying bills
A speech–language pathologist and other
health team members help the person:
What is:
Improve affected speech and language skills
Use remaining abilities
Restore speech and language abilities to the
extent possible
Learn other methods of communicating—body
language, facial expressions, or sign language
Strengthen the muscles of speech
Three categories of PTSD symptoms
What is:
Reliving or re-experiencing the trauma
Attempts to avoid thoughts, situations, or people that are reminders of the trauma
Increased anxiety or arousal, being constantly on guard for danger, being easily startled
Three phases of bipolar disorder symptoms
What is:
Acute phase, when symptoms are escalating
Continuation phase, when the symptoms are
visible and the client is usually being treated
Maintenance phase, when the client’s acute
symptoms have subsided
Other types of depressive orders
-Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
-Persistent depressive disorder
-Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
-Substance/medication-induced depressive
disorder
-Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
-Major depressive disorder