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The power-house of the cell
What is the mitochondrion?
Organelle that synthesizes proteins
What are ribosomes?
Organelle responsible for holding organelles within the cell
What is the plasma membrane?
Genetic information is stored in this organelle
What is the nucleus?
Organelle responsible for photosynthesis
What are chloroplasts?
Organelle responsible for digestion of foreign bodies
What are lysosomes?
A cell's ability to move
What is motility?
What is considered the "post office" of the cell?
The Golgi Apparatus
Jelly-like substance inside of the plasma membrane
What is the cytosol?
System that gives structure to the cell
What is the cytoskeleton?
Substance that makes up microfilaments
What is actin?
Where do transport vesicles come from?
The Golgi Apparatus
How did eukaryotic cells get mitochondria?
Endosymbiosis. A long time ago, a cell with a nucleus obsorbed another microorganism, and instead of consuming it, it maintained the structure to use as it's own.
Name the 3 components of the cytoskeleton
Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
What are cilia and flagella made of?
Microtubules
The most abundant glycoprotein found in the extracellular matrix
Specialized metabolic organelle that contains enzymes that remove H atoms from certain molecules to detoxify them.
What is the peroxisome?
Membrane-lined channels filled with cytosol that unify plant cells together
What is the plasmodesmata?
The three types of connections between animal cells within the extracellular matrix (ECM)
What part of the cytoskeleton is used as a "railroad" for transport vesicles?
The microtubules
Membranous system of flattened, interconnected sacs within the chlorplasts.
What are thylakoids?
Label the 4 steps of protein synthesis
1.mRNA leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores, then is 2. read by ribosomes either in the cytosol or on the rER, then 3. transport vesicles take the protein to the Golgi Apparatus, which then 4. makes its own vesicle which travels along microtubules to other organelles or to the plasma membrane to exit the cell.
What are the 4 functions of the smooth ER
Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and storage of calcium ions.
Process of engulfing smaller organisms or food particles which produces food vacuoles.
What is phagocytosis?
What is autophagy? (process in lysosomes)
Process in which the lysosome uses its hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own genetic material