varnas
what are the brahmins?
priests
the aryans performed
ritual sacrifices
the harappan society lived by the
indus river valley
harappan society was at its high point in
2500 to 2000 BCE
varna
what are the kshatriyas?
warriors and aristocrats
who was the chief deity of the rig veda?
indra
harappa often traded with
mesopotamia
by ____ BCE, harappan socieites had almost entirely collapsed
1500
moksha is
separating themselves from the cycle of birth and rebirth and merge with brahmin for all of eternity
what are the vaishyas
cultivators, artisans, and merchants
indra was the god of what?
war, weather, rain
the harappan society stretched almost
1,500 kilometers (932 miles)
sometime after ____ BCE, harappan society entered a period of decline
1900
religious values in india _________
reflected the larger society
what are the shudras?
landless peasants and serfs
they believed that the god varuna did what?
presided over the sky from his heavenly palace and persevered cosmic order
the harappan society is in what modern-day country?
pakistan (and some of northern india)
archaeologists have discovered samples of harappan writing dating as early as ____ BCE
3300
hinduism was (polytheistic or monotheistic)
polytheistic, but it mainly focused on one god
what do the untouchables do?
performed dirty or unpleasant tasks (like butchering animals or handling dead bodies)
two major cities of the harappan societies were
harappa and mohenjo-daro
true or false: most harappan houses had private toilets + showers
true
the aryans entered india with the needs of a
mobile and violent society