DNA Basics
This molecule carries genetic information and has a double-helix shape.
What is DNA?
A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for this.
What is RNA
The enzyme that unzips DNA during replication.
What is DNA helicase?
Humans have this many pairs of chromosomes.
What is 23?
The field that once advocated selective breeding of humans.
What is eugenics?
The building blocks of DNA and RNA.
What are nucleotides?
The start codon AUG codes for this amino acid.
What is methionine?
The phase of interphase where DNA is replicated.
What is S phase?
Alternate forms of a gene are called this.
What are alleles?
Lifestyle choices can affect gene expression through this process.
What is epigenetics?
In DNA, adenine always pairs with this base.
What is thymine?
The process of copying DNA into RNA.
What is transcription?
The enzyme that builds new DNA strands.
What is DNA polymerase?
The genetic blueprint of an individual.
What is genotype?
Application of genome knowledge for diagnosis and treatment.
What is genomic medicine?
Only about this percentage of human DNA actually codes for proteins.
What is 2%?
The “machine” that reads mRNA and assembles proteins.
What is a ribosome?
The cell cycle phase where chromosomes line up in the middle.
What is metaphase?
The observable traits of an individual.
What is phenotype?
A modern medical example of transcription and translation in action.
What is the mRNA vaccine?
Humans and orangutans share this percentage of DNA.
What is 96.9%?
This process allows one gene to produce many different proteins.
What is alternative splicing?
Cells that leave the cycle permanently enter this phase.
What is G₀ phase?
In a Punnett square, a capital letter represents this type of allele.
What is a dominant allele?
The estimated preventability of cardiovascular disease (%).
What is 70–90%?