Carbohydrate Types
Glucose, fructose, and galactose belong to this group of single-unit sugars.
What are monosaccharides?
When blood glucose falls, this hormone signals the liver to release glucose from glycogen.
What is glucagon?
The primary job of carbohydrates in the body is to supply this to cells.
What is energy?
Sugars and syrups introduced during food processing or preparation fall into this category.
What are added sugars?
Humans lack the enzymes to digest this plant-food component, which helps support bowel health.
What is dietary fiber?
This sugar, common in fruit and honey, is the sweetest naturally occurring sugar described in the chapter.
What is fructose?
A shortage of this enzyme can cause bloating and diarrhea after consuming milk sugar.
What is lactase?
This highly branched molecule stores glucose mainly in muscles and the liver.
What is glycogen?
This sweetener is made by converting some glucose from corn starch into fructose.
What is high-fructose corn syrup?
The carbohydrate AMDR spans this percentage range of daily calories.
What is 45 to 65 percent?
One glucose joined to one fructose forms this disaccharide, also called table sugar.
What is sucrose?
After absorption, glucose, fructose, and galactose travel first to this organ.
What is the liver?
This first stage of glucose breakdown has a name meaning the splitting of glucose.
What is glycolysis?
Replacing refined grains with these provides more fiber and is linked to lower chronic disease risk.
What are whole grains?
Oats, beans, and barley supply this type of fiber, which dissolves in water.
What is soluble fiber?
This milk sugar consists of glucose joined to galactose.
What is lactose?
This enzyme in saliva begins breaking down starch in the mouth.
What is salivary amylase?
Adequate glucose helps prevent the breakdown of these large molecules to obtain amino acids for making glucose.
What are proteins?
Compared with a meal low in fiber, a high-fiber meal generally makes glucose absorption occur at this pace.
What is more slowly?
Sorbitol and xylitol belong to this group of sweeteners that are incompletely absorbed and do not promote tooth decay.
What are sugar alcohols?
Amylose and amylopectin are two forms of this carbohydrate that plants use to store energy.
What is starch?
Released when blood glucose rises, this hormone promotes glucose uptake and storage.
What is insulin?
This metabolic state involves elevated ketone bodies when glucose supply is insufficient.
What is ketosis?
Fiber-containing foods can help weight management by promoting this satisfied feeling after eating.
What is fullness (satiety)?
Starchy vegetables, beans, and whole grains are common sources of this category of long-chain carbohydrates.
What are complex carbohydrates?