Microscopy and Cell Theory
Who first coined the term "cell" after observing cork bark under a microscope?
Robert Hooke
Which domains consist of prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria and Archea
Which organelle houses the cell's DNA?
The nucleus
What is the main function of the mitochondria?
To carry out cellular respiration and produce ATP
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
Which scientist observed living cells such as sperm and pond water organisms?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What structures are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Plasma membrane, DNA, Cytosol, and ribosomes.
Which organelle acts as the cell's packaging and shipping center?
Golgi apparatus
What process occurs in chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
What is the function of microtubules?
Guiding movement of organelles and vesicles; forming cilia and flagella
What are the two main principles of the cell theory?
All living things are made of cells; all cells come from preexisting cells.
Why are most cells microscopic?
To maintain a large surface-area-to-volume ratio for material exchange.
Which organelle functions as the recycling center of the cell?
Lysosome
What is the endosymbiont theory?
The idea that the mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from small prokaryotes that lived inside larger cells
Which type of junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly between cells?
Gap junctions
Which microscope is best for viewing the surface details of a specimen in 3D?
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
What structures distinguish eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
A membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesizing lipids and detoxifying toxins
Why do all eukaryotes have mitochondria, but not all have chloroplasts?
Mitochondria evolved first; only photosynthetic lineages acquired chloroplasts
What is the rigid structure that provides support in plant cells and is made of cellulose?
Define "resolution" in microscopy
The ability to distinguish two nearby objects as seperate
What limits the maximum size of a cell?
The need to efficiently exchange materials across the plasma membrane
What is the main function of peroxisomes?
Breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances
Which two organelles contain their own DNA and Ribosomes?
Mitochondria and chloroplast
What structure in plant cells allows communication between cells and is analogous to gap junctions in animal cells?
Plasmodesmata