First Amendment Freedoms
This clause prevents the government from setting up an official state religion.
What is the Establishment Clause?
The Fourth Amendment protects citizens against these types of searches and seizures.
What are unreasonable searches and seizures?
True or False: The word "privacy" is explicitly written in the Bill of Rights.
What is False?
These are limitations on government power designed to protect personal freedoms. (Main topic of Chapter 4)
What are Civil Liberties?
Burning the American flag is highly controversial but is protected by the Supreme Court as this type of speech.
What is symbolic speech?
Stemming from a 1966 Supreme Court case, these rights must be read to a suspect before law enforcement can interrogate them.
What are Miranda rights?
This amendment states that people have rights beyond those specifically listed in the Constitution, helping establish the right to privacy.
What is the Ninth Amendment?
This legal standard requires law enforcement to have a reasonable belief that a crime has been committed before securing a search warrant.
What is probable cause?
This clause ensures that individuals can practice religion as they please, free from government interference.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
The Fifth Amendment protects individuals from this, meaning you cannot be forced to testify against yourself in court.
What is self-incrimination?
This landmark 1973 Supreme Court case established a woman's right to an abortion based on the right to privacy, before being overturned in 2022.
What is Roe v. Wade?
This term refers to the process by which the Supreme Court has gradually applied most of the Bill of Rights to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
What is selective incorporation?
In the landmark case Tinker v. Des Moines, students wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War were exercising this First Amendment right.
What is freedom of speech or freedom of expression?
The Eighth Amendment prohibits this type of punishment, though the Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty itself does not violate it.
What is cruel and unusual punishment?
This 1965 Supreme Court Case involving contraceptive use by married couples was the first to explicitly recognize a constitutional right to privacy.
What is Griswold v. Connecticut?
This exception to the warrant requirement allows police to seize evidence without a warrant if it is clearly visible and they are lawfully present.
What is the plain view doctrine?