Chapter 4 GS 108

Enter Category

100

Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? A) Beach sand B) Diatom ooze C) Glacial deposits D) Clays E) Volcanic particles

b

200

Sediments derived from preexisting rocks on land are called ________. A) cosmogenous B) biogenous C) hydrogenous D) lithogenous E) volcanogenic

d

300

Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)? A) Diatoms B) Foraminiferans C) Glauconite D) Phosphorites E) Radiolarians

b

400

Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics? A) Low carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures B) Lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures C) Lots of carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures D) Low pressure and warmer temperatures E) Low pressure and colder temperatures

b

500

Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called ________.

hydrogenous

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100

Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? A) Evaporites B) Halites C) Manganese nodule D) Phosphates E) Stromatolites

E

200

Manganese nodules are an example of ________.

hydrogenous

300

The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the ________.

abyssal plains

400

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called ________.

cosmogenous

500

Sediments found on continental margins are called ________.

neritic

Enter Category

100

A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via ________.

fecal pellets

200

The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is ________. A) abyssal clay deposits B) manganese nodule deposits C) neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits D) neritic siliceous sediment deposits E) pelagic biogenous calcareous deposits

c

300

Sandstone is an example of which sediment types?

lithogenous

400

Turbidite deposits are an example of what sediment type?

lithogenous

500

Glacial deposits are an example of which sediment types?

lithogenous

Enter Category

100

The White Cliffs of Dover are an example of which of t sediment types?

biogenous

200

Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure.

colder; higher

300

The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called ________. A) destruction B) dilution C) ecology D) erosion E) productivity

e

400

The dissolution of the thick tests of foraminifers below the CCD is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment.

destruction

500

Rock salt (halite) is an example of which sediment types?

hydrogenous

Enter Category

100

Which of the following is the most advanced technology used to collect sediment samples from the deep ocean? A) Dredge B) Gravity corer C) Long line D) Rotary corer E) Seiche disk

D

200

Which of the following contains the most organic carbon on Earth? A) Fossil Fuels B) Gas hydrates C) Living organisms D) Peat E) Soil

B

300

Which of the following resources found in ocean sediments has the greatest economic value? A) Gas hydrates B) Manganese nodules and crusts C) Petroleum D) Rare-earth elements E) Sand and gravel

c

400

Which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor? A) Carbon dioxide B) Ethane C) Hydrogen sulfide D) Methane E) Propane

d

500

Which of the following is thought to have enriched ocean floor sediments with rare-earth elements? A) Clathrate formation B) hydrothermal vents C) Groundwater leaching D) Nodule and crust creation E) Sea floor methane seeps

b