Chapter 4 Jeopardy

4.1

100

True or False: Association doesn't imply causation

True!

200

Assigning subjects to a certain experimental condition and then observing outcomes on the response variable is what kind of study?

Experiment

300

What type of study is this:

A study randomly assigned volunteers to one of two groups:

• One group was directed to use social media sites as they usually do.
• One group was blocked from social media sites.
• The researchers looked at which group tended to be happier.

Experiment

400

Selects a sample of people from a population and collects data from them is what?

Sample Survey

500

What does a census attempt to do?

Attempts to count the number of people in the
population and to measure certain characteristics about them.

4.2

100

a -- of n subjects from a population is
one in which each possible sample of that size has the
same chance of being selected.

a simple random sample

200

Research question: Do fourth graders tend to be taller than third graders?

This is an observational study. The researcher wants to use grade level to explain differences in height. What is the explanatory variable and the response variable?

The explanatory variable is grade level. The response variable is height. 

300

A team of veterinarians wants to compare the effectiveness of two fertility treatments for pandas in captivity. The two treatments are in-vitro fertilization and male fertility medications. What is the response variable and the explanatory variable?

The explanatory variable: type of fertility treatment. The response variable is a measure of fertility rate.

400

 A person looks at an unfamiliar crowd of
people and visually selects a sample of 30
individuals for a survey. This is an example of what type of sample?

Bias!

500

What are the three types of bias in sample surveys?

Sampling, nonresponsive, and response

4.3

100

When we use a....it allows the researcher to analyze the effectiveness of the primary treatment.

control comparison group

200

eliminates possible researcher bias, balances the comparison groups on known as well as on lurking variables.

randomization

300

If someone was given a sugar pill for a treatment, what is that sugar pill called?

Placebo 

400

When neither the subject nor those having contact with the subject know the treatment assignment

double blind 

500

What are the key parts of a good experiment?

A good experiment has a control comparison group,
randomization in assigning experimental units to treatments, and blinding.

4.4

100

This experiment uses a single experiment to analyze the effects of 2 or more explanatory variables on the response variable

Multifactor Experiment

200

What is the difference between Retrospective and Prospective studies?

Retro: case-control study, looks into the past

Prospective: follows subjects iinto the future (cohort)

300

A university administrator wants to conduct a
survey to examine textbook costs. The university
has eight colleges (business, liberal arts,
engineering, etc.) so the administrator randomly
samples 100 students from each college. This is
an example of what type of sampling method?

Stratified

400

Is there a link between prostate cancer and
heating meals in plastic containers in the microwave?
Suppose 300 people with prostate cancer and 300
people of a similar age but without prostate cancer
were asked if they heated food in the microwave in a
plastic container. What type of observational study is
this?

Case-Control Study

500

What is the difference between Cluster sample and Stratified sample?

Cluster: Divide the population into a large number of
clusters, such as city blocks.
Select a simple random sample of the clusters.
Use the subjects in those clusters as the sample.

Stratified: Divide the population into separate groups, called strata, based on some attribute or characteristic
about the subjects.
Select a simple random sample from each stratum.