Fast Facts
Describe the Bernoulli effect
What is an increase in the motion of gas molecules which equals a decrease in pressure.
(This happens at the end of a vibratory cycle and causes the vocal folds to suction back together)
(The Bernoulli effect if NOT required for vocal fold vibration)
Name the outermost layer of the vocal fold
What is the epithelium
List a fact about the hyoid bone
what is...
-Sits on top of the larynx
-Wishbone-shaped; opens in the back
-The only free-floating bone in the *larynx. -Just above the Adam’s apple at the front
of the neck
What are the intrinsic laryngeal muscles responsible for?
what is... for adduction, abduction, pitch
control, and loudness
List the functions of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles
What is... Responsible for raising and
lowering the entire larynx for
articulation and swallowing
How many times do the vocal folds vibrate per second
(Must be properly lubricated to vibrate correctly)
In the three layer scheme of the vocal folds list the second layer
What is the Lamina Propria
What is circled in the following photo?
(Photo 3)
What is the epiglottis
List the two divisions of the thyroarytenoid and what is is responsible for
What are...
1) vocalis- pitch control
2) Thyromuscularis
Responsible for shortening and thickening the
vocal folds
Name the laryngeal elevators
what is...
• Thyrohyoid
• Geniohyoid
• Mylohyoid
• Stylohyoid
What is circled in the following photo.
(Photo 1)
What is the Hyoid bone
What is the Thyroarytenoid
List a fact about the thyroid cartilage
What is...
-Shield-shaped
- Houses the vocal folds
- Largest cartilage in the larynx
- Thyroid notch at the front
List the two sections of the cricothyroid muscle and what it is responsible for
What is...
1) pars recta- runs vertically
2) pars oblique- runs at an angle
Responsible for. -elongating and thinning the vocal folds
- Head voice and falsetto
- Main muscle of pitch control
Name the laryngeal depressors
what is...
• Sternothyroid
• Sternohyoid
• Omohyoid
List the causes of Abduction
What is...
1. The diaphragm descends which expands the
volume of the lungs
2. The lungs descend slightly and pulls down the
trachea
3. The trachea pulls down the larynx
4. The vocal folds abduct
What is considered to be the cover of the vocal folds
Name the 3 divisions of the thyroid cartilage.
What is...
~Thyroid notch:
-Protrudes from the front of the thyroid cartilage
- More prominent in men
-Adam’s apple
~Superior horns:
-Extend upward towards the hyoid bone
~ Inferior horns:
-Attach to the back of the cricoid cartilage
Give the functions of the Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and the Posterior cricoarytenoids
What is...The Lateral cricoarytenoid
-Helps to rotate the arytenoids
-Closes the posterior portion of the glottis
the Posterior cricoarytenoids
-opens the glottis
Name the membrane that is both a laryngeal elevator and depressor.
What is the thyrohyoid
List the different parts of the trachea
(Photo 2)
What is... Thyroid cartilage, trachea, carina, bronchial tubes.
(Listed from top to bottom)
List the divisions of the Lamina Propria
What is...
- Superficial layer- elastin; low viscosity
- Intermediate layer- gelatin
- Deep layer- high viscosity
Name the three divisions of the arytenoid cartilage
What is...
-Apex (towards the top)
-Muscluar process (towards the
back)
-Vocal process (towards the front;
attach to the vocal folds)
List the two portions of the Interarytenoid muscle
What is...
1) transverse interarytenoids
2) oblique interarytenoids
All of the laryngeal elevators connect to the same bone. Name that bone.
What is the hyoid bone