3 x 0 = 0
zero property
9 x 8
72
10 x 5
50
5 groups of 10
Round
42 x 2
40 x 2 = 80
8 times as many as 9
72
9 x 1 = 9
identity property
7 x 80
560
7 x 7
49
4 groups of ten and nine ones
Front end-estimate
8 x 63
8 x 60 = 480
7 times as many as 7
49
7 x (8 X 3) = 3 x (7 x 8)
associative
400 x 9
3,600
3 x 38
114
1 group of 100, 1 group of 10, and 4 ones
11 groups of ten and 4 ones
Front end estimate
4 x 27
4 x 20 = 80
12 time as many as 9
108
6 x 3 = 3 x 6
8 x 4,000
32,000
2 x 63
126
1 group of 100, two groups of ten, and 6 ones
12 groups of ten and 6 ones
Round
7 x 19
7 x 20 = 140
32 times as many as 6
192
4 x (2 + 6) = (4 x 2) + (4 x 6)
distributive
9 x 9,000
81,000
4 x 42
168
1 group of 100, 6 groups of ten, and eight ones
16 groups of ten and 8 ones
front end estimate
5 x 378
5 x 300 = 1,500
500 times as many as 9
4,500