Language Development
The average number of morphemes per utterance.
What is mean length of utterance (MLU)?
A high-pitched, melodic way parents talk to their children.
What is infant-directed speech (also known as parentese)?
Labeling something, like "That car."
What is the "nomination" semantic relation?
Rules governing allowable combinations of sounds in a language.
What are phonotactic rules?
Yes, especially for the first 50 words.
Does comprehension always precede production in early language development?
Late Stage I (22-26 months).
At what stage does a child typically begin producing two-word utterances?
Exaggerated expressions, simplified language, and higher pitch.
What are some characteristics of parentese?
Indicating something is gone, like "Birdie go."
What is the "negation" relation for non-existence?
Their discrimination skills become more focused on native language sounds
Why do infants prefer sounds from their native language by 12 months?
They may produce words before fully understanding their meanings.
Why might a child say "doggie" for all animals?
Requesting, expressing discomfort, and attracting attention.
What are some early communicative functions of infants?
It strengthens bonding and enhances language acquisition.
How does infant-directed singing benefit language development?
Describing who is performing the action, like "Daddy kiss."
What is the "action + agent" relation?
Cooing involves vowel-like sounds, while babbling involves repetitive consonant-vowel syllables.
What is the relationship between cooing and babbling in early speech development?
They influence each other during language development.
What does it mean when comprehension and production have a "shared dependence"?
Examples include attending to speech and discriminating speech sounds.
What are the six perceptual abilities needed for language development according to Owens?
Joint attention.
What communicative function is seen when an infant reaches for an item and looks to the caregiver?
Indicating ownership, like "Kim car."
What is the "possessor + possession" relation?
It helps infants practice sound articulation and prepare for word formation.
What is the significance of babbling in speech development?
Temporal words are often produced before they are fully understood.
What concept might a child use incorrectly, as in the case of "yesterday"?
Roger Brown
Who is known for studying morphemes in language development?
Active engagement, not passive exposure, facilitates language learning.
Why is social interaction important for language acquisition?
Pointing out something specific, like "This train."
What is the "demonstrative + entity" relation?
Deaf infants exhibit minimal babbling due to restricted auditory feedback.
How do deaf infants' babbling patterns differ from hearing infants?
Children might use words without fully understanding their meanings, leading to misjudgment of their abilities.
What is the significance of adults not overestimating a child's language comprehension?