Chapter 4 Review

1

100

Which of the following BEST describes why plate tectonics is a theory?

A) The theory of plate tectonics is not widely accepted by the scientific community. 

B) The theory of plate tectonics explains the events and could be updated with new evidence.

C) The theory of plate tectonics has not been proven through experiments. 

D) The theory of plate tectonics is a simple observation rather than a detailed explanation. 

B) The theory of plate tectonics explains the events and could be updated with new evidence.

200

The presence of similar fossils on widely separated continents supports the theory of continental drift. Why is this significant in understanding the movement of continents over geological time?

A) It indicates that similar species evolved independently on different continents.

B) It proves that the climate was similar and consistent across all continents in the past. 

C) It suggests that the continents were once connected where species could cross continents. 

D) It shows that ocean currents carried fossils across vast distances and multiple continents. 

C) It suggests that the continents were once connected where species could cross continents. 

300

Which of the following BEST describes the role of mid-ocean ridges in the theory of plate tectonics and their connection to continental drift?

A) Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges that form where tectonic plates collide, causing continents to drift apart. They are primarily responsible for the creation of oceanic trenches. 

B) Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges that form where tectonic plates diverge, allowing magma to rise and create new oceanic crust. This process helps drive the movement of continents over time. 

C) Mid-ocean ridges are underwater valleys that form where tectonic plates converge, leading to the subduction of oceanic crust. They play a minor role in the movement of continents. 

D) Mid-ocean ridges are underwater plateaus that form where tectonic plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes but not significantly affecting continental drift. 

B) Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges that form where tectonic plates diverge, allowing magma to rise and create new oceanic crust. This process helps drive the movement of continents over time. 

400

The Earth's layers are composed of different materials and have distinct properties. How do the interactions between these layers contribute to geological natural processes such as earthquakes and volcanic activity?

A) The crust and mantle interact through the process of subduction, where oceanic crust sinks into the mantle, leading to volcanic activity. 

B) The outer core's liquid iron generates Earth's magnetic field, which directly causes earthquakes in the crust.

C) The mantle's convection currents drive the movement of tectonic plates, leading to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 

D) The inner core's solid iron-nickel composition causes the crust to expand and contract, resulting in volcanic activity.

C) The mantle's convection currents drive the movement of tectonic plates, leading to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 

2

100

What should a scientist do if the results of an experiment fail to support the hypothesis?

A) Revise the hypothesis and conduct further experiments.

B) Publish the incorrect results.

C) Change the data to support the hypothesis.

D) Ignore the results.

A) Revise the hypothesis and conduct further experiments.

200

Why is it important for scientists to share the findings of their research and experiments with others in the scientific community?

A) To prevent others from finding the same information first. 

B) To allow others to verify and build upon their work. 

C) To gain fame and make large amounts of money.

D) To protect the secrecy of their work. 

B) To allow others to verify and build upon their work. 

300

What function does slab pull have in the process of plate tectonics?

A) It pushes tectonic plates apart at divergent boundaries.

B) It causes tectonic plates to slide past each other at transform boundaries.

C) It pulls tectonic plates into the mantle at subduction zones. 

D) It lifts tectonic plates to form mountain ranges. 

C) It pulls tectonic plates into the mantle at subduction zones. 

400

Which of the following statements most likely explains the formation of a volcanic island chain?

I. Transform boundaries slide against each other and squeeze magma to the surface.

II. Convergent boundaries force rocks off their edges up to become islands. 

III. Tectonic plates move slowly over a hot spot and form chains of volcanoes.

A) Statement I

B) Statement I and II

C) Statement II

D) Statement III

D) Statement III

3

100

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between subduction and volcanic activity?

A) Subduction zones are typically free of volcanic activity.

B) Subduction zones prevent the formation of volcanoes.

C) Subduction zones only cause earthquakes, not volcanic eruptions.

D) Subduction zones often lead to the formation of volcanic arcs.

D) Subduction zones often lead to the formation of volcanic arcs.

200

What happens at a convergent boundary between an oceanic plate and a continental plate?

A) The oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate.

B) The plates move past each other horizontally.

C) The plates move farther away from each other. 

D) The continental plate subducts beneath the oceanic plate.

A) The oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate.

300

What is the result of seafloor spreading?

A) Formation of mountain ranges

B) Creation of deep ocean trenches

C) Creation of new oceanic crust

D) Subduction of old oceanic crust

C) Creation of new oceanic crust

400

What is the relationship between mantle convection and tectonic plates?

A) Mantle convection drives the movement of tectonic plates.

B) Tectonic plate movement causes mantle convection.

C) Mantle convection affects ocean currents, causing tectonic plate movement.

D) Mantle convection and plate tectonics are unrelated processes.

A) Mantle convection drives the movement of tectonic plates.

4

100

What geological feature is most commonly found at convergent boundaries between two continental plates?

A) Mid-ocean ridge

B) Ocean trench

C) Mountain range

D) Rift valley

C) Mountain range

200

Which type of boundary is most likely to form a rift valley?

A) Transform

B) Convergent

C) Divergent

D) Subduction

C) Divergent

300

Which of the following BEST describes a subduction zone?

A) A region where one plate is sinking beneath another. 

B) A region where two plates are colliding and forming mountains. 

C) A region where two plates are moving apart. 

D) A region where one plate is sliding past another. 

                                         

         

A) A region where one plate is sinking beneath another. 

                                           

400

Which process is responsible for the formation of ocean basins?

A) Convergence

B) Subduction

C) Erosion

D) Seafloor spreading

D) Seafloor spreading

5

100

Which of the following BEST demonstrates the relationship between earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?

A) Earthquakes cause volcanic eruptions.

B) Volcanic eruptions cause earthquakes.

C) Both are caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

D) They are unrelated natural processes.

C) Both are caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

200

Which type of plate boundary forms when two plates move away from each other?

A) Divergent

B) Convergent

C) Transform

D) Subduction

A) Divergent

300

Which of the following is NOT a result of plate tectonics?

A) Earthquakes

B) Volcanic activity

C) Mountain building

D) Superposition

D) Superposition