How a seismograph functions
The number of waves a seismograph records and what they are.
What is Three and they are P waves, surface waves and S waves?
The focus.
What is the point below the surface where the rock shifts or breaks, causing an earthquake?
The landform that is a flat block of rock pushed up, high above sea-level, by forces in the Earth.
What is a plateau?
A arch shaped fold in the crust is called _____ and a v shaped one is a _______. They are both formed by stress.
What is 1. Anticline. 2. Syncline?
Explain how a fault-block mountain is made.
What is two normal faults cut through a area of crust. This forms a block of rock with normal faults dividing it into 3 pieces. The middle piece is the footwall of both and the pieces on the sides are the hanging walls. When motion at the faults occur the footwall goes up and the hanging walls go down . This forms a mountain with large valleys on either side.
This represents a Earthquake on a seismogram.
What is a high spike that represents an increase in vibrations?
Seismograph
What is an instrument that records the vibrations, also known as seismic waves, and puts them on a graph?
The difference between a anticline and a syncline is.
What is a syncline is a fold that bends downward into a v shape and an anticline bends upward into an arch shape?
The _______ scale uses _______ to rate the _______ of an earthquake. It is useful in region where there are no instruments.
What is 1. Modified Mercalli 2. people's observations 3. shaking and damage of an earthquake?
How are epicenters of earthquakes located.
What is you use the arrival times of the P and S waves on a seismogram to get the lag time which you use to get the epicenter distance (the distance between the epicenter and the seismograph). This will be the radius of the circle you draw around the seismograph. Do this three times. The point where all the circles intersect is your epicenter.
The difference between a seismogram and a seismograph.
What is a seismogram is the printed reading a seismograph gives and a seismograph is the main instrument used for recording earthquakes?
The strike-slip fault.
What is this fault is formed by shearing and occurs at a transform boundary. The fault cuts through the rock in a vertical line. Rocks on either side of the fault move forward in opposite directions with little to no up or down motion?
The number of landforms stress can cause and what they are.
What is 5 landforms and they plateaus, anticlines, synclines, folded mountains and fault-block mountains?
Collision of two plates causes _____ which causes ______ over a large area forming a _____.
What is 1. compression 2. folding 3. folded mountain?
How do scientists predict where earthquakes will strike next?
What is a map of previous seismic activity. This map shows where earthquakes have happened before. If something has happened somewhere before, it will likely happen there again.
The principle of physics a seismograph relies on to function.
What is that an object will always resist a change to its state of motion?
A basin.
What is the large valleys on either side of a fault-block mountain. They are formed when the hanging walls of both normal faults on either side of a fault-block mountain go down?
The special features a plateau possesses.
What is they have extremely flat layers of different rock and they are wider than they are tall?
Stress is written as _______.
What is force per unit?
Why do seismic waves change direction as they travel through the Earth?
They change direction because as seismic waves travel through the Earth, they travel through different materials. When seismic waves begin traveling through a different material or state of matter, they change direction.
This is the way the aforementioned principle of physics is used to make a seismograph works.
What is a heavy weight attached to the pen resists change to its state of motion, which is stationary, making the pen stationary. The principle of physics also makes the drum that the paper comes out of move. These two things produce an accurate reading of the seismic waves of an earthquake?
Stress.
What is a force that breaks, bends or changes the shape or changes the volume of a rock that is caused by plate movement. It adds energy to rock. Once the rock breaks all the energy is released?
The types of landforms that can result from compression and what they are.
What is 3 and they are anticlines, synclines and folded mountains?
______ and _______ are that make up ________.
What is 1. Anticline 2. syncline 3. folded mountains?
Explain why it is impossible for two reverse faults to create a fault-block mountain.
Even though reverse faults would create the same structure in the Earth where the plain is divided into three blocks, they will still never be able to form a fault-block mountain. This is because when motion occurs at the faults, the center block would move down and the other two would move up. This is because in reverse faults, the hanging walls will move up and the footwall will move down. This is the opposite of what happens in normal faults. This will create a crater of sorts.