Section 1
What is the name of the the major body of water that borders Africa, Europe, and the near East.
Mediterranean Sea
What is the name of the body of water in the Near East that the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flow into?
Persian Gulf
How did the invention of the wheel and the bronze-tipped plow help Sumerians?
transportation was faster, farmers could plow larger fields and harvest more crops
How did the Sumerian’s irrigation system help farmers?
It allowed farmers to produce more crops on larger areas of land.
What is the name of the written code created by the king of the First Babylonian Empire?
The Code of Hammurabi
Which two rivers created the Fertile Crescent?
Tigris and Euphrates
What is the name of the more northeastern of the two major rivers that supply fresh water to the Fertile Crescent?
Tigris River
What was the name of the first civilization in Mesopotamia?
the Sumerian civilization
What does the phrase “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” mean?
lawbreakers should be punished in ways similar to how they broke the law
What is the religion founded by Abraham in Canaan (ancient Israel)
Judaism
What is the name of the large body of water that connects to the Mediterranean Sea and forms part of the border between Europe and the Near East?
Black Sea
What is the long-term trends in weather elements and atmospheric conditions?
Climate
What are two kinds of animals that were domesticated by Sumerian people? What are two resources these animals gave to Sumerian people?
cows, pigs, sheep, donkeys. Milk, meat, wool came from the animals
What is the name of the oldest written epic in the world?
The Epic of Gilgamesh
What is the male head of a family or tribe?
patriarch
What is the name of the more southwestern of the two major rivers that supply fresh water to the Fertile Crescent?
Euphrates River
What is the ability to support the healthy growth of many things, especially plants?
fertile
What three things helped create economic growth in the Sumerian Civilization?
trade and transportation, specialization of jobs, city-states develop
By improving farming techniques, what were some Sumerians able to do?
specialize jobs, focus on other types of work, work with metal, make bronze tools
What are two significant achievements made by the Kingdom of Israel?
They built large city walls with multiple towers and gates. They used horses and chariots in their military and were a major regional power. They used national resources to make sell wine and grapes.
They developed writing, which was used to keep government records, collect taxes, write down the Hebrew Bible, and more.
What is the the landform that forms the northeastern border of the Fertile Crescent. Both the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers start in the Zagros Mountains.
Zagros Mountains
What is an advanced state of human society with a high level of culture, specialization, infrastructure, stable food supply, government, technology, belief systems, writing, and social structure?
Civilization
What are three things that helped Sumerian farmers produce a stable food supply and crop surpluses?
irrigation, domestication of farm animals, invention of the wheel and plow
What are three things writing cuneiform helped the Mesopotamian people do?
record knowledge permanently, keep track of things like seasonal changes and trade transactions, track governmental processes, preserve the knowledge they gained
Why did Sumerians build temples, or ziggurats?
they wanted the gods to be happy with them. Sumerians believed the gods controlled the weather, so they gave them offerings to please them