What the ______ theory states the following:
All organisms are composed of cells
Cells are the smallest living things
Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
Cell Theory
100
Name the 2 domains which are exclusively prokaryotic.
Archaea
Bacteria
100
_________________ contain enzymes involved in the oxidation of fatty acids. H2O2 is produced as by-product but it is rendered harmless by catalase.
Peroxisomes
100
True or false. Mitochodria are not found in plant cells.
False
100
Look at the top cell. What type of cell is this (animal, plant, prokaryotic)?
Animal
200
Which of the following cells has the greatest surface-to-volume ratio?
A) bacterium
B) human red blood cell
C) human muscle cell
D) frog egg
E) ostrich egg
A) bacterium
200
True or False. Prokaryotes lack membrane bound organelles.
True
200
The function of the lysosome is intracellular __________.
Digestion
200
Which cytoskeletal element is involved in locomotion of cells by crawling (like in white blood cells and amoeba). (Hint: Remember when I talked about making the fluid rigid and then liquidy so cells can move like a blob)
Actin filaments (microfilaments)
200
Look at the bottom cell on the page. What is organelle #3?
Golgi Apparatus
300
A scientist wants to magnify a slice of tissue 10,000 times and examine the organelles within each cell. An ________ microscope should be used. Would this be TEM or SEM?
Electron, TEM
300
Which domain have members with hydrocarbons in the cell wall that make them heat tolerant?
Archaea
300
Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________.
A) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . centrioles
B) centrioles . . . chloroplasts . . . cell walls
C) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . cell membranes
D) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . a nucleus
E) centrioles . . . cell walls . . . large central vacuoles
A) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . centrioles
300
________________prevent leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells (like in the cells of the stomach lining).
Tight Junctions
300
Look at the top cell on the page. This is the site of rRNA synthesis.
#3
400
______ is the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate points.
Resolution
400
Most _________ cells are encased by a strong cell wall composed of peptidoglycan.
Bacterial
400
The nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, and the cell membrane are all part of the ________ system.
Endomembrane System
400
What cytoskeletal element facilitates movement materials within cell and is made of dimers of α- and β-tubulin subunits?
Microtubules
400
Looking at both cells, this organelle is the site of photosynthesis.
Bottom cell and organelle #4.
500
The rate of diffusion in/out of a cell is affected by what four things?
1. Surface area available
2. Temperature
3. Concentration gradient
4. Distance
500
Why can we use antibiotics on prokaryotes but not on eukaryotes like yeasts, malaria, etc...?
Eukaryotes have the same cell type, therefore we can use the differences in cell composition/structure to eliminate them.
500
Why is it important to be able to separate (compartmentalize) organelles into their own microenvironment?
So many reactions can take place simultaneously.
500
What four pieces of evidence support the endosymbiosis hypothesis that plastids (e.g. chloroplasts) and mitochondria were once endosymbiotic prokaryotes?
Circular DNA
Double membrane
Ribosomes are similar to prokaryotes
Split by binary fission